Skin cutaneous melanoma is a type of cancer that arises from specialized skin cells, melanocytes. It is characterized by high metastatic capacity, molecular heterogeneity and marked immunogenicity. The 5-year survival rate is less than 5% if diagnosed in stages III or IV. In 50% of cases, melanoma is characterized by the presence of mutations in BRAF, a crucial protooncogene in the MAPK signalling pathway that controls cell growth, division and differentiation. In this study the aim is to investigate the role of the protein Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) in melanoma. TG2 is a multifunctional protein already known in the literature for its involvement in several key processes in cancer, such as cell adhesion, regulation of apoptosis, cytoskeletal organization and extracellular matrix remodelling. In the context of melanoma, TG2 appears to have a positive prognostic role. To investigate this, we evaluated the effect of TG2 on response to several therapeutic agents including Cisplatin, Dabrafenib, and Trametinib. In addition, starting from a predictive bioinformatics study, we also investigated the role of TG2 in the immune cell recruitment.
Il melanoma cutaneo è un tipo di tumore che deriva da cellule specializzate della pelle, i melanociti. È una malattia caratterizzata da elevata capacità metastatica, eterogeneità molecolare e marcata immunogenicità. Il tasso di sopravvivenza a 5 anni è inferiore al 5% se diagnosticata negli stadi III o IV. Nel 50% dei casi il melanoma è caratterizzato dalla presenza di mutazioni di BRAF, un proto-oncogene cruciale nella via di segnalazione MAPK che controlla crescita, divisione e differenziamento cellulare. Lo scopo di questo studio è investigare il ruolo della proteina Transglutaminasi di tipo 2 (TG2) nel melanoma. TG2 è una proteina multifunzionale già nota in letteratura per il suo coinvolgimento in diversi processi chiave nel cancro come adesione cellulare, regolazione dell’apoptosi, organizzazione del citoscheletro e rimodellamento della matrice extracellulare. Nel contesto del melanoma, TG2 sembra avere un ruolo prognostico positivo. Per indagare questo aspetto, abbiamo valutato l’effetto di TG2 sulla risposta a diversi trattamenti farmacologici, tra cui Cisplatino, Dabrafenib e Trametinib. Inoltre, partendo da uno studio bioinformatico predittivo abbiamo approfondito anche il ruolo di TG2 nel contesto del sistema immunitario.
Unravelling the Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Melanoma
MADIOLO, AURORA
2025/2026
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma is a type of cancer that arises from specialized skin cells, melanocytes. It is characterized by high metastatic capacity, molecular heterogeneity and marked immunogenicity. The 5-year survival rate is less than 5% if diagnosed in stages III or IV. In 50% of cases, melanoma is characterized by the presence of mutations in BRAF, a crucial protooncogene in the MAPK signalling pathway that controls cell growth, division and differentiation. In this study the aim is to investigate the role of the protein Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) in melanoma. TG2 is a multifunctional protein already known in the literature for its involvement in several key processes in cancer, such as cell adhesion, regulation of apoptosis, cytoskeletal organization and extracellular matrix remodelling. In the context of melanoma, TG2 appears to have a positive prognostic role. To investigate this, we evaluated the effect of TG2 on response to several therapeutic agents including Cisplatin, Dabrafenib, and Trametinib. In addition, starting from a predictive bioinformatics study, we also investigated the role of TG2 in the immune cell recruitment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109848