Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a disorder characterized by a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, defined by the presence of a Cobb angle greater than 10° associated with vertebral rotation. It predominantly affects females and has considerable impacts on patients’ health and daily life, including physical deformity, pain, and significant psychosocial consequences, particularly regarding body image. Despite decades of research, its etiopathogenesis remains unknown. Among the proposed hypotheses, one of the most promising suggests a role of the central nervous system, supported by the observation of numerous structural and functional alterations in individuals with AIS. The aim of this thesis was to compare the brain activity of adolescents with AIS and healthy controls using electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings acquired during the forearm bisection task, a paradigm designed to assess body schema. Data from 17 adolescents with AIS and 10 healthy controls were analyzed using a time-frequency approach based on the Morlet wavelet transform. For each frequency band of interest (theta, alpha, and beta), event-related synchronization and desynchronization (ERS/ERD) were computed and statistically compared between the two groups. Theta-band analysis revealed significantly greater ERD in the AIS group than in healthy controls at movement onset over the contralateral frontal region. Conversely, at target achievement, ERD was significantly greater in healthy controls over the ipsilateral central region. In the alpha band, healthy controls exhibited significantly greater ERD than participants with AIS over the occipital regions during the second half of the movement (60% and 80%). In contrast, beta-band activity showed a largely comparable pattern between the two groups. Overall, these findings suggest differences in cortical resource recruitment and in the temporal dynamics of brain activity during movement execution in adolescents with AIS compared with healthy controls, indicating possible alterations in attentional and sensorimotor integration processes. Furthermore, these results are consistent with previous literature and support the hypothesis of a different functional organization of the cortical networks involved in tasks requiring sensorimotor integration.
La scoliosi idiopatica adolescenziale (AIS) è una patologia caratterizzata da una deformazione tridimensionale della colonna vertebrale, definita dalla presenza di un angolo di Cobb superiore a 10° associato a rotazione vertebrale. Colpisce prevalentemente il sesso femminile e ha considerevoli effetti sulla salute e quotidianità dei pazienti affetti, tra cui deformità, dolore, ma anche significative ripercussioni psicosociali e sull’immagine corporea. Nonostante decenni di ricerca, la sua eziopatogenesi rimane ancora sconosciuta. Tra le ipotesi proposte, una delle più promettenti attribuisce un ruolo al sistema nervoso centrale, supportata dall’osservazione di numerose alterazioni strutturali e funzionali nei soggetti affetti da AIS. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è confrontare l’attività cerebrale di adolescenti affetti da AIS e di controlli sani mediante registrazioni elettroencefalografiche acquisite durante il forearm bisection task, un compito di valutazione dello schema corporeo. Sono stati analizzati i dati provenienti da 17 soggetti con AIS e 10 controlli sani mediante un’analisi tempo-frequenza basata sulla trasformata Wavelet di Morlet. Per ciascuna banda di frequenze di interesse (theta, alpha e beta) sono state calcolate le sincronizzazioni e desincronizzazioni evento-correlate (ERS/ERD) e confrontate statisticamente tra i due gruppi. L’analisi della banda theta ha evidenziato un ERD significativamente più marcato nei soggetti AIS rispetto ai controlli all’inizio del movimento, nella regione frontale controlaterale. Al contrario, al raggiungimento del target, l’ERD è risultato significativamente maggiore nei controlli nella regione centrale ipsilaterale. Nella banda alpha è stato osservato un ERD più marcato nei controlli rispetto ai soggetti con AIS nelle regioni occipitali durante la seconda parte del movimento (60% e 80%). La banda beta ha invece mostrato un andamento sostanzialmente sovrapponibile tra i due gruppi. Nel complesso, questi risultati suggeriscono un differente reclutamento di risorse corticali e una diversa evoluzione temporale dell’attività cerebrale durante il movimento nei soggetti con AIS rispetto ai controlli sani, indicando possibili alterazioni dei processi di attenzione e integrazione sensomotoria. Tali evidenze risultano inoltre coerenti con la letteratura precedente, supportando l’ipotesi di una diversa organizzazione funzionale delle reti corticali coinvolte nei compiti che richiedono integrazione sensomotoria.
Analisi tempo-frequenza di tracciati EEG in adolescenti con scoliosi idiopatica durante un test per la valutazione dello schema corporeo.
BERTOZZO, SABRINA
2025/2026
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a disorder characterized by a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, defined by the presence of a Cobb angle greater than 10° associated with vertebral rotation. It predominantly affects females and has considerable impacts on patients’ health and daily life, including physical deformity, pain, and significant psychosocial consequences, particularly regarding body image. Despite decades of research, its etiopathogenesis remains unknown. Among the proposed hypotheses, one of the most promising suggests a role of the central nervous system, supported by the observation of numerous structural and functional alterations in individuals with AIS. The aim of this thesis was to compare the brain activity of adolescents with AIS and healthy controls using electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings acquired during the forearm bisection task, a paradigm designed to assess body schema. Data from 17 adolescents with AIS and 10 healthy controls were analyzed using a time-frequency approach based on the Morlet wavelet transform. For each frequency band of interest (theta, alpha, and beta), event-related synchronization and desynchronization (ERS/ERD) were computed and statistically compared between the two groups. Theta-band analysis revealed significantly greater ERD in the AIS group than in healthy controls at movement onset over the contralateral frontal region. Conversely, at target achievement, ERD was significantly greater in healthy controls over the ipsilateral central region. In the alpha band, healthy controls exhibited significantly greater ERD than participants with AIS over the occipital regions during the second half of the movement (60% and 80%). In contrast, beta-band activity showed a largely comparable pattern between the two groups. Overall, these findings suggest differences in cortical resource recruitment and in the temporal dynamics of brain activity during movement execution in adolescents with AIS compared with healthy controls, indicating possible alterations in attentional and sensorimotor integration processes. Furthermore, these results are consistent with previous literature and support the hypothesis of a different functional organization of the cortical networks involved in tasks requiring sensorimotor integration.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110010