This thesis investigates the transport and spatial distribution of inertial particles dispersed in a stably stratified turbulent wall-bounded flow. Particle-laden turbulent flows are relevant to many environmental and geophysical applications, including atmospheric aerosol transport, sediment suspension, marine particles and pollutant dispersion, where turbulence, stratification and gravity jointly affect particle motion. The carrier flow is studied by means of direct numerical simulations in a temporally evolving turbulent boundary-layer configuration. Neutral and stably stratified cases are compared in order to isolate the effect of stable stratification on the turbulent structures of the flow and on the wall-normal transport of particles. The dispersed phase is modelled using a Lagrangian point-particle approach, considering different particle populations characterized by different response times, Stokes numbers and particle Froude numbers. The main objective of the work is to analyse how stable stratification, particle inertia and gravity influence particle concentration patterns. Particular attention is devoted to the wall-normal distribution of particles, preferential accumulation near the boundary-layer edge, and the possible role of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in controlling particle residence and entrainment. Additional diagnostics are used to investigate preferential sampling of turbulent structures and to compare the behaviour of particles under neutral and stratified conditions. The results provide insight into the mechanisms controlling particle accumulation in stably stratified wall-bounded turbulence. In particular, the study aims to clarify how the suppression of wall-normal turbulent motions induced by stable stratification modifies particle dispersion, how particle inertia affects the response to turbulent fluctuations, and how gravitational effects contribute to the final particle distribution. The main findings are associated with the stratified regime. In the absence of particle gravity, or when gravitational effects are very weak, strong particle accumulation is observed near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface, with a clear dependence on particle inertia. Conversely, under the same gravity conditions, the corresponding particle populations do not exhibit the same accumulation trends in the neutral regime. This suggests that the observed accumulation mechanism is strongly dependent on the flow regime.
Questa tesi analizza il trasporto e la distribuzione spaziale di particelle inerziali disperse in un flusso turbolento confinato da pareti e stabilmente stratificato. I flussi turbolenti carichi di particelle sono rilevanti per molte applicazioni ambientali e geofisiche, tra cui il trasporto di aerosol atmosferico, la sospensione di sedimenti, le particelle marine e la dispersione di inquinanti, contesti in cui la turbolenza, la stratificazione e la gravità influenzano congiuntamente il moto delle particelle. Il flusso portante viene studiato mediante simulazioni numeriche dirette in una configurazione di strato limite turbolento in evoluzione temporale. I casi neutri e stabilmente stratificati vengono messi a confronto per isolare l'effetto della stratificazione stabile sulle strutture turbolente del flusso e sul trasporto delle particelle in direzione normale alla parete. La fase dispersa è modellata utilizzando un approccio lagrangiano a particella puntiforme, considerando diverse popolazioni di particelle caratterizzate da differenti tempi di risposta, numeri di Stokes e numeri di Froude delle particelle. L'obiettivo principale del lavoro è analizzare come la stratificazione stabile, l'inerzia delle particelle e la gravità influenzino i pattern di concentrazione delle particelle stesse. Particolare attenzione è dedicata alla distribuzione delle particelle in direzione normale alla parete, all'accumulo preferenziale in prossimità del bordo dello strato limite e al possibile ruolo dell'interfaccia turbolenta/non turbolenta nel controllare la permanenza e il trascinamento (entrainment) delle particelle. Vengono utilizzate ulteriori diagnostiche per esaminare il campionamento preferenziale delle strutture turbolente e per confrontare il comportamento delle particelle in condizioni neutre e stratificate. I risultati forniscono una comprensione dei meccanismi che controllano l'accumulo di particelle nella turbolenza confinata da pareti e stabilmente stratificata. In particolare, lo studio mira a chiarire come la soppressione dei moti turbolenti in direzione normale alla parete, indotta dalla stratificazione stabile, modifichi la dispersione delle particelle, come l'inerzia delle particelle influenzi la risposta alle fluttuazioni turbolente e come gli effetti gravitazionali contribuiscano alla distribuzione finale delle particelle. I risultati principali sono associati al regime stratificato. In assenza di gravità delle particelle, o quando gli effetti gravitazionali sono molto deboli, si osserva un forte accumulo di particelle in prossimità dell'interfaccia turbolenta/non turbolenta, con una chiara dipendenza dall'inerzia delle particelle. Al contrario, a parità di condizioni di gravità, le corrispondenti popolazioni di particelle non mostrano le stesse tendenze all'accumulo nel regime neutro. Ciò suggerisce che il meccanismo di accumulo osservato dipende fortemente dal regime del flusso.
Inertial particles in stably stratified turbulent boundary layers
RAMOGIDA, ANDREA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis investigates the transport and spatial distribution of inertial particles dispersed in a stably stratified turbulent wall-bounded flow. Particle-laden turbulent flows are relevant to many environmental and geophysical applications, including atmospheric aerosol transport, sediment suspension, marine particles and pollutant dispersion, where turbulence, stratification and gravity jointly affect particle motion. The carrier flow is studied by means of direct numerical simulations in a temporally evolving turbulent boundary-layer configuration. Neutral and stably stratified cases are compared in order to isolate the effect of stable stratification on the turbulent structures of the flow and on the wall-normal transport of particles. The dispersed phase is modelled using a Lagrangian point-particle approach, considering different particle populations characterized by different response times, Stokes numbers and particle Froude numbers. The main objective of the work is to analyse how stable stratification, particle inertia and gravity influence particle concentration patterns. Particular attention is devoted to the wall-normal distribution of particles, preferential accumulation near the boundary-layer edge, and the possible role of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in controlling particle residence and entrainment. Additional diagnostics are used to investigate preferential sampling of turbulent structures and to compare the behaviour of particles under neutral and stratified conditions. The results provide insight into the mechanisms controlling particle accumulation in stably stratified wall-bounded turbulence. In particular, the study aims to clarify how the suppression of wall-normal turbulent motions induced by stable stratification modifies particle dispersion, how particle inertia affects the response to turbulent fluctuations, and how gravitational effects contribute to the final particle distribution. The main findings are associated with the stratified regime. In the absence of particle gravity, or when gravitational effects are very weak, strong particle accumulation is observed near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface, with a clear dependence on particle inertia. Conversely, under the same gravity conditions, the corresponding particle populations do not exhibit the same accumulation trends in the neutral regime. This suggests that the observed accumulation mechanism is strongly dependent on the flow regime.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110111