Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease whose current therapies have several limitations. Among the materials usable as tissue substitutes, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have proven to be promising candidates due to their properties. This work aims to optimize the stability and mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels (20% w/v) crosslinked through repeated freeze-thawing cycles. Mechanical characterization was carried out using uniaxial tensile and unconfined compression tests, followed by morphological and directionality analysis via SEM. To make the material properties more compatible with those of the target tissue, the hydrogels were subjected to thermal treatments, such as drying and annealing and mechanical treatments. The latter involved mechanical pre- conditioning up to 200% strain during crosslinking. The results showed that physical crosslinking alone is not capable of forming materials with mechanical properties comparable to those of the native tissue. Conversely, the treatment of drying followed by annealing conferred adequate mechanical properties to the material in both tension and compression. Furthermore, such samples maintain excellent mass, volume, and mechanical stability after dry storage and rehydration for at least 21 days. Finally, mechanical treatments successfully induce anisotropy in the material, replicating the behaviour of most soft tissues.
L'osteoartrosi è una patologia degenerativa della cartilagine articolare le cui attuali terapie presentano diverse limitazioni. Tra i materiali utilizzabili come sostituti tissutali, gli hydrogel a base di alcol polivinilico (PVA) si sono dimostrati candidati promettenti grazie alle loro proprietà. Questo lavoro mira ad ottimizzare la stabilità e le proprietà meccaniche degli hydrogel in PVA (20% p/v) reticolati tramite cicli ripetuti di congelamento-scongelamento. È stata effettuata una caratterizzazione meccanica tramite prove uniassiali di trazione e compressione non confinata, seguite da analisi morfologiche e direzionalità tramite SEM. Per rendere le proprietà del materiale maggiormente compatibili con quelle del tessuto target, gli hydrogel sono stati sottoposti a trattamenti termici, quali essicatura e annealing, e trattamenti meccanici. Questi ultimi hanno previsto un pre-condizionamento meccanico fino al 200% di deformazione durante la reticolazione. I risultati hanno mostrato che la sola reticolazione fisica, non è sufficiente a formare materiali con proprietà meccaniche comparabili a quelle del tessuto nativo. Al contrario trattamento di essicatura seguito da annealing ha conferito al materiale adeguate proprietà meccaniche sia a trazione che a compressione. Inoltre, tali campioni mantengono un'eccellente stabilità di massa, volume e proprietà meccaniche dopo la conservazione a secco e la reidratazione almeno per 21 giorni. Inoltre, i trattamenti meccanici inducono con successo un’anisotropia nel materiale, replicando il comportamento della maggior parte dei tessuti molli.
Optimization of mechanical properties and stability of artificial cartilage based on polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels
MANELLI, FEDERICO
2025/2026
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease whose current therapies have several limitations. Among the materials usable as tissue substitutes, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have proven to be promising candidates due to their properties. This work aims to optimize the stability and mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels (20% w/v) crosslinked through repeated freeze-thawing cycles. Mechanical characterization was carried out using uniaxial tensile and unconfined compression tests, followed by morphological and directionality analysis via SEM. To make the material properties more compatible with those of the target tissue, the hydrogels were subjected to thermal treatments, such as drying and annealing and mechanical treatments. The latter involved mechanical pre- conditioning up to 200% strain during crosslinking. The results showed that physical crosslinking alone is not capable of forming materials with mechanical properties comparable to those of the native tissue. Conversely, the treatment of drying followed by annealing conferred adequate mechanical properties to the material in both tension and compression. Furthermore, such samples maintain excellent mass, volume, and mechanical stability after dry storage and rehydration for at least 21 days. Finally, mechanical treatments successfully induce anisotropy in the material, replicating the behaviour of most soft tissues.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Manelli_Federico.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110136