The rapid growth of global air transport demand is leading to a significant increase in environmental impact, making the development of more sustainable aviation fuels a critical priority. This thesis investigates alternative fuel components and processes aimed at improving performance while reducing emissions, with particular emphasis on mesitylene as a potential substitute for ethanol. The study focuses on the valorization of isophorone, obtained from sustainable acetone-based routes, as an intermediate for the production of high-energy compounds. The primary objective is the identification and evaluation of efficient solid catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of isophorone, avoiding the use of noble metals and instead employing low-cost transition metals such as nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum supported on various materials. Advanced characterization techniques (BET, TPR, TEM, GC-MS) were used to correlate catalyst structure with reaction performance and product selectivity. The results demonstrate that effective catalytic systems can be developed using abundant and economically viable metals, highlighting the importance of catalyst composition, support properties, and operating conditions. Overall, this work confirms the feasibility of sustainable pathways for the production of advanced aviation fuel components, contributing to the development of lower-impact and more environmentally friendly fuels.
La rapida crescita della domanda globale di trasporto aereo comporta un aumento significativo dell’impatto ambientale, rendendo lo sviluppo di carburanti aeronautici più sostenibili una priorità fondamentale. Questa tesi analizza componenti e processi alternativi per i combustibili, con l’obiettivo di migliorare le prestazioni e ridurre le emissioni, con particolare attenzione al mesitilene come possibile alternativa all’etanolo. Lo studio si concentra sulla valorizzazione dell’isoforone, ottenuto da processi sostenibili a partire dall’acetone, come intermedio per la produzione di composti ad alto contenuto energetico. L’obiettivo principale è l’identificazione e la valutazione di catalizzatori solidi efficienti per la reazione di idrodeossigenazione (HDO) dell’isoforone, evitando l’uso di metalli nobili e impiegando invece metalli di transizione a basso costo come nichel, cobalto e molibdeno supportati su diversi materiali. Attraverso tecniche avanzate di caratterizzazione (BET, TPR, TEM, GC-MS), è stata analizzata la correlazione tra struttura del catalizzatore, condizioni operative e selettività verso i prodotti. I risultati dimostrano che è possibile sviluppare sistemi catalitici efficaci utilizzando metalli abbondanti ed economicamente sostenibili, evidenziando l’importanza della composizione del catalizzatore, della natura del supporto e delle condizioni di reazione. Nel complesso, questo lavoro conferma la fattibilità di percorsi sostenibili per la produzione di componenti avanzati per carburanti aeronautici, contribuendo allo sviluppo di combustibili a minore impatto ambientale.
Hydrodeoxygenation of isophorone over non-noble metal catalysts for the sustainable production of aviation fuel components: a comparative study on the role of active phase and support
FIORENTIN, GIACOMO
2025/2026
Abstract
The rapid growth of global air transport demand is leading to a significant increase in environmental impact, making the development of more sustainable aviation fuels a critical priority. This thesis investigates alternative fuel components and processes aimed at improving performance while reducing emissions, with particular emphasis on mesitylene as a potential substitute for ethanol. The study focuses on the valorization of isophorone, obtained from sustainable acetone-based routes, as an intermediate for the production of high-energy compounds. The primary objective is the identification and evaluation of efficient solid catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of isophorone, avoiding the use of noble metals and instead employing low-cost transition metals such as nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum supported on various materials. Advanced characterization techniques (BET, TPR, TEM, GC-MS) were used to correlate catalyst structure with reaction performance and product selectivity. The results demonstrate that effective catalytic systems can be developed using abundant and economically viable metals, highlighting the importance of catalyst composition, support properties, and operating conditions. Overall, this work confirms the feasibility of sustainable pathways for the production of advanced aviation fuel components, contributing to the development of lower-impact and more environmentally friendly fuels.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110306