Background: formal and informal caregivers working in palliative care and geriatric settings are exposed to a high risk of burnout and emotional distress, with negative consequences on their psychological and physical health as well as on the quality of care provided. Although structured educational and psychoeducational interventions are considered promising, evidence on their effectiveness requires systematic synthesis. Objectives: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of structured educational and psychoeducational interventions in reducing burnout and emotional distress among formal and informal caregivers in palliative care and geriatric settings, comparing them with no intervention or usual care. The study is part of the European project SPES4Caregivers, which aims to develop Open Educational Resources (OER) and a blended course for burnout prevention. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching PsycINFO and Scopus databases (2015-2026). Primary studies were included if they featured structured educational or psychoeducational interventions (defined by at least three criteria: manual, defined sessions, standardized content, clear delivery mode), measured outcomes of burnout, distress, anxiety, depression, or burden, and included a control group. Results: Eleven studies (9 RCTs, 2 quasi-experimental) were included. Caregiver burden emerged as the most robust outcome (7/8 positive studies). Emotional distress, anxiety, and depression showed significant improvements in most studies. Burnout, measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, was investigated by only one study, which showed a protective effect on personal accomplishment. Psychoeducational interventions demonstrated broader effects than purely educational ones, and hybrid models (face-to-face plus digital) appear particularly promising. Methodological quality was overall moderate. Conclusions: Structured educational and psychoeducational interventions are effective in reducing burden, distress, anxiety, and depression among caregivers. The findings support the development of hybrid models such as those planned by the SPES4Caregivers project. Further high-quality RCTs with long-term follow-up and standardized burnout measures are needed.
Contesto: i caregiver formali e informali operanti in contesti di cure palliative e assistenza geriatrica sono esposti a un elevato rischio di burnout e distress emotivo, con conseguenze negative sulla loro salute psicofisica e sulla qualità dell'assistenza erogata. Sebbene gli interventi educativi e psicoeducativi strutturati siano considerati promettenti, l'evidenza sulla loro efficacia necessita di una sintesi sistematica. Obiettivi: La presente revisione sistematica si propone di valutare l'efficacia degli interventi educativi e psicoeducativi strutturati nel ridurre il burnout e il distress emotivo nei caregiver formali e informali in cure palliative e assistenza agli anziani, confrontandoli con l'assenza di intervento o la cura usuale. Lo studio si inserisce nel progetto europeo SPES4Caregivers, volto a sviluppare risorse educative aperte (OER) e un corso blended per la prevenzione del burnout. Metodi: È stata condotta una revisione sistematica della letteratura secondo le linee guida PRISMA 2020, interrogando i database PsycINFO e Scopus (2015-2026). Sono stati inclusi studi primari con interventi educativi o psicoeducativi strutturati (definiti da almeno tre criteri: manuale, sessioni definite, contenuti standardizzati, modalità chiara), che misuravano outcome di burnout, distress, ansia, depressione o burden, con gruppo di controllo. Risultati: Undici studi (9 RCT, 2 quasi-sperimentali) sono stati inclusi. Il caregiver burden è risultato l'outcome più robusto (7/8 studi positivi). Distress emotivo, ansia e depressione hanno mostrato miglioramenti significativi nella maggior parte degli studi. Il burnout, misurato con il Maslach Burnout Inventory, è stato indagato da un solo studio, che ha evidenziato un effetto protettivo sul senso di realizzazione personale. Gli interventi psicoeducativi hanno mostrato effetti più ampi di quelli puramente educativi, e i modelli ibridi (presenza + digitale) appaiono particolarmente promettenti. La qualità metodologica è risultata complessivamente moderata. Conclusioni: Gli interventi educativi e psicoeducativi strutturati sono efficaci nel ridurre burden, distress, ansia e depressione nei caregiver. I risultati supportano lo sviluppo di modelli ibridi come quello previsto dal progetto SPES4Caregivers. Sono necessari ulteriori RCT di alta qualità con follow-up a lungo termine e misure standardizzate del burnout.
Come Ridurre il Burnout nei Caregiver Attraverso Interventi Educativi e Psicoeducativi. Revisione della Letteratura.
STELLA, SOFIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background: formal and informal caregivers working in palliative care and geriatric settings are exposed to a high risk of burnout and emotional distress, with negative consequences on their psychological and physical health as well as on the quality of care provided. Although structured educational and psychoeducational interventions are considered promising, evidence on their effectiveness requires systematic synthesis. Objectives: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of structured educational and psychoeducational interventions in reducing burnout and emotional distress among formal and informal caregivers in palliative care and geriatric settings, comparing them with no intervention or usual care. The study is part of the European project SPES4Caregivers, which aims to develop Open Educational Resources (OER) and a blended course for burnout prevention. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching PsycINFO and Scopus databases (2015-2026). Primary studies were included if they featured structured educational or psychoeducational interventions (defined by at least three criteria: manual, defined sessions, standardized content, clear delivery mode), measured outcomes of burnout, distress, anxiety, depression, or burden, and included a control group. Results: Eleven studies (9 RCTs, 2 quasi-experimental) were included. Caregiver burden emerged as the most robust outcome (7/8 positive studies). Emotional distress, anxiety, and depression showed significant improvements in most studies. Burnout, measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, was investigated by only one study, which showed a protective effect on personal accomplishment. Psychoeducational interventions demonstrated broader effects than purely educational ones, and hybrid models (face-to-face plus digital) appear particularly promising. Methodological quality was overall moderate. Conclusions: Structured educational and psychoeducational interventions are effective in reducing burden, distress, anxiety, and depression among caregivers. The findings support the development of hybrid models such as those planned by the SPES4Caregivers project. Further high-quality RCTs with long-term follow-up and standardized burnout measures are needed.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110625