This master’s thesis develops an integrated methodological approach for assessing the hydraulic and geotechnical safety of the Adige River embankment system along a strategic 24 kilometre stretch between Zambana (TN) and the provincial border with Bolzano. The methodology is divided into three sequential phases. In the first phase, the subsurface structure was reconstructed through the preparation of six longitudinal profiles, based on the digitisation and correlation of 84 continuous core drilling surveys. The integration of lithological characterisation with the historical register of floodgates in the Autonomous Province of Trento enabled the development of a zoning scheme comprising eight homogeneous macro-areas of vulnerability. The fundamental benefit of this zoning lies in its ability to reduce the complexity of the 24 km river stretch to a limited number of representative geometric and geotechnical contexts. This allows for a significant optimisation of future monitoring resources, standardising design choices and planning extraordinary maintenance works without the need for redundant investigations. In the second phase, a rigorous geotechnical characterisation was carried out on the ‘B1’ sample section. The shear strength parameters were derived from empirical correlations applied to the normalised values of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results, whilst hydraulic conductivity was quantified using Hvorslev’s formula applied to in-situ Lefranc tests. The third phase involved advanced numerical modelling using the SEEP/W and SLOPE/W codes (GeoStudio suite). The models were calibrated under transient conditions by reproducing the hydrograph of the historic flood of 5 August 2021. Global stability checks (Bishop and Morgenstern-Price methods using the semi-probabilistic approach per NTC 2018 / Eurocode 7) and local siphoning checks (Terzaghi’s critical gradient) highlight the inadequacy of the current state at the peak of the event (t = 1.25 ‘days’). This finding, which is markedly conservative given that the actual embankment did not collapse in 2021, is linked to the conservative assumptions of complete saturation and the absence of cohesion in the fine surface deposits. Finally, a numerical comparison of the mitigation measures shows that the installation of a drainage trench at the downstream foot represents the optimal solution from a technical and economic perspective, as it reverses the filtration regime by imposing a completely downward flow and eliminating the upward gradients. The combined configuration, featuring a foot drain and a 15m-deep waterproof diaphragm, whilst entailing higher construction costs, maximises safety margins by reducing the residual filtration flow and ensuring the stability of adjacent infrastructure.
La presente tesi magistrale sviluppa un approccio metodologico integrato per la valutazione della sicurezza idraulica e geotecnica del sistema arginale del fiume Adige, lungo un tratto strategico di 24 km compreso tra Zambana (TN) e il confine provinciale con Bolzano. La metodologia si articola in tre fasi sequenziali. Nella prima fase, l'architettura del sottosuolo è stata ricostruita attraverso l'elaborazione di sei tavole longitudinali, basate sulla digitalizzazione e correlazione di 84 sondaggi a carotaggio continuo. L'incrocio tra la caratterizzazione litologica e il catasto storico dei fontanazzi della Provincia Autonoma di Trento ha permesso di sviluppare una zonazione in 8 macroaree omogenee di vulnerabilità. L'utilità fondamentale di questa zonazione risiede nella capacità di ricondurre la complessità dei 24 km d'asta fluviale a un numero limitato di contesti geometrici e geotecnici rappresentativi. Questo consente un’ottimizzazione delle future risorse per analisi di filtrazione e stabilità specifiche, di monitoraggio, standardizzando le scelte progettuali e pianificando gli interventi di manutenzione straordinaria senza la necessità di indagini ridondanti. Nella seconda fase, sul tratto campione "B1", è stata eseguita una specifica caratterizzazione geotecnica. I parametri di resistenza al taglio sono stati dedotti da correlazioni empiriche applicate ai valori normalizzati di prove penetrometriche SPT, mentre la conducibilità idraulica è stata quantificata tramite la formulazione di Hvorslev applicata a prove Lefranc in situ. La terza fase ha riguardato la modellazione numerica avanzata tramite i codici SEEP/W e SLOPE/W (suite GeoStudio). I modelli sono stati calibrati in regime transitorio riproducendo l'idrogramma della piena storica del 5 agosto 2021. Le verifiche di stabilità globale (metodi di Bishop e Morgenstern-Price con approccio semiprobabilistico NTC 2018 / Eurocodice 7) e le verifiche locali a sifonamento (gradiente critico di Terzaghi) evidenziano l'inadeguatezza dello stato attuale al picco dell'evento (t=1.25" giorni" ). Tale responso, marcatamente cautelativo poiché l'argine reale non ha subito collassi nel 2021, è legato alle assunzioni cautelative di completa saturazione e assenza di coesione nei depositi fini superficiali. Infine, la comparazione numerica delle opere di mitigazione mostra che l'inserimento di una trincea drenante al piede di valle rappresenta la soluzione ottimale sotto il profilo tecnico-economico, in quanto il regime di filtrazione viene modificato. La configurazione combinata con dreno al piede e diaframma impermeabile profondo 15 m, pur a fronte di costi realizzativi superiori, massimizza i margini di sicurezza riducendo la portata filtrante residua e incrementando la stabilità dell’infrastruttura.
Sicurezza degli argini del fiume Adige tra Trento e Salorno: ricostruzione del modello geotecnico per tratti omogenei e relative verifiche
BUSATO, DAVIDE
2025/2026
Abstract
This master’s thesis develops an integrated methodological approach for assessing the hydraulic and geotechnical safety of the Adige River embankment system along a strategic 24 kilometre stretch between Zambana (TN) and the provincial border with Bolzano. The methodology is divided into three sequential phases. In the first phase, the subsurface structure was reconstructed through the preparation of six longitudinal profiles, based on the digitisation and correlation of 84 continuous core drilling surveys. The integration of lithological characterisation with the historical register of floodgates in the Autonomous Province of Trento enabled the development of a zoning scheme comprising eight homogeneous macro-areas of vulnerability. The fundamental benefit of this zoning lies in its ability to reduce the complexity of the 24 km river stretch to a limited number of representative geometric and geotechnical contexts. This allows for a significant optimisation of future monitoring resources, standardising design choices and planning extraordinary maintenance works without the need for redundant investigations. In the second phase, a rigorous geotechnical characterisation was carried out on the ‘B1’ sample section. The shear strength parameters were derived from empirical correlations applied to the normalised values of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results, whilst hydraulic conductivity was quantified using Hvorslev’s formula applied to in-situ Lefranc tests. The third phase involved advanced numerical modelling using the SEEP/W and SLOPE/W codes (GeoStudio suite). The models were calibrated under transient conditions by reproducing the hydrograph of the historic flood of 5 August 2021. Global stability checks (Bishop and Morgenstern-Price methods using the semi-probabilistic approach per NTC 2018 / Eurocode 7) and local siphoning checks (Terzaghi’s critical gradient) highlight the inadequacy of the current state at the peak of the event (t = 1.25 ‘days’). This finding, which is markedly conservative given that the actual embankment did not collapse in 2021, is linked to the conservative assumptions of complete saturation and the absence of cohesion in the fine surface deposits. Finally, a numerical comparison of the mitigation measures shows that the installation of a drainage trench at the downstream foot represents the optimal solution from a technical and economic perspective, as it reverses the filtration regime by imposing a completely downward flow and eliminating the upward gradients. The combined configuration, featuring a foot drain and a 15m-deep waterproof diaphragm, whilst entailing higher construction costs, maximises safety margins by reducing the residual filtration flow and ensuring the stability of adjacent infrastructure.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/112370