This thesis examines the role of the independent expert within the Italian negotiated settlement of business crisis, a procedure introduced by the Italian legislator to promote the early detection of business distress and to facilitate corporate recovery through a voluntary, confidential and negotiation-based framework. The study begins with an analysis of the relevant legal framework, focusing on the principles underlying the negotiated settlement procedure, the early warning approach and the functions assigned to the independent expert, who plays a central role in facilitating negotiations between the debtor and creditors without exercising managerial or coercive powers. The legal analysis is complemented by an empirical study based on the data published by the Unioncamere–InfoCamere Observatory, aimed at examining the diffusion of the procedure, the characteristics of the enterprises accessing it and the outcomes achieved. The processing of the available data shows that, although the overall success rate of the negotiated settlement is approximately 20%, this figure does not appear to represent the phenomenon uniformly. Significant differences emerge across different enterprise size classes. While acknowledging the limitations arising from the available data, this finding provides the basis for a broader reflection on the possible relationship between the organisational characteristics of enterprises and the effectiveness of the independent expert's activity. The final part of the thesis develops a critical analysis of the role of the independent expert in light of the empirical evidence. In particular, it explores the possibility of further enhancing the expert's role in less structured enterprises by strengthening his or her methodological support during the preliminary stage of the procedure. Such an approach would aim to facilitate the development of the informational and organisational conditions necessary for effective negotiations, while preserving the expert's independence and without assigning managerial or decision-making powers. The thesis also suggests strengthening the systematic collection of data relating to completed procedures in order to support more comprehensive empirical analyses and to facilitate the future development of the legal framework on the basis of practical experience. The study therefore seeks to provide a critical reflection on the role of the independent expert by combining legal analysis with empirical evidence and by proposing some considerations on the possible evolution of the current regulatory model in light of the first available empirical findings.
La presente tesi analizza il ruolo dell'esperto indipendente nell'ambito della composizione negoziata della crisi, istituto introdotto dal legislatore con l'obiettivo di favorire l'emersione tempestiva della crisi d'impresa e il perseguimento del risanamento attraverso un percorso volontario, riservato e fondato sulla negoziazione tra le parti. L'elaborato prende avvio dall'analisi del quadro normativo di riferimento, esaminando i principi che caratterizzano la composizione negoziata, la logica dell'early warning e le funzioni attribuite all'esperto indipendente, figura centrale della procedura chiamata a facilitare il dialogo tra imprenditore e creditori senza esercitare poteri sostitutivi o coercitivi. Alla ricostruzione della disciplina normativa viene affiancata un'analisi empirica condotta sui dati pubblicati dall'Osservatorio Unioncamere–InfoCamere, finalizzata ad esaminare la diffusione dell'istituto, le caratteristiche delle imprese che vi accedono e gli esiti registrati dalle procedure. L'elaborazione dei dati disponibili ha consentito di evidenziare come il tasso medio di successo della composizione negoziata, pur attestandosi intorno al 20%, non sembri rappresentare in maniera uniforme l'intero fenomeno, emergendo differenze significative tra le diverse classi dimensionali delle imprese. Pur nella consapevolezza dei limiti derivanti dalla natura dei dati disponibili, tale evidenza ha costituito il punto di partenza per una riflessione sul possibile rapporto tra le caratteristiche organizzative delle imprese e l'efficacia dell'attività dell'esperto. L'ultima parte della ricerca sviluppa un'analisi critica del ruolo dell'esperto indipendente alla luce delle evidenze empiriche emerse. In particolare, viene proposta una riflessione circa la possibilità di valorizzarne ulteriormente il ruolo nelle imprese meno strutturate, attraverso un maggiore coinvolgimento metodologico nella fase preliminare della procedura, volto a favorire la costruzione delle condizioni informative e organizzative necessarie allo svolgimento di una negoziazione efficace, senza alterarne la posizione di indipendenza né attribuirgli funzioni gestorie o decisionali. Viene inoltre prospettata l'opportunità di rafforzare la raccolta sistematica dei dati relativi alle procedure concluse, al fine di consentire future analisi empiriche più approfondite e supportare l'eventuale evoluzione dell'istituto sulla base dell'esperienza applicativa. Il lavoro si propone, pertanto, di offrire una riflessione critica sul ruolo dell'esperto indipendente, integrando l'analisi normativa con l'osservazione empirica del fenomeno e formulando alcune considerazioni sull'evoluzione del modello alla luce delle prime evidenze disponibili.
L'esperto indipendente nella composizione negoziata della crisi tra modello normativo, evidenze empiriche e prospettive evolutive
GRIGOLON, MATTIA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines the role of the independent expert within the Italian negotiated settlement of business crisis, a procedure introduced by the Italian legislator to promote the early detection of business distress and to facilitate corporate recovery through a voluntary, confidential and negotiation-based framework. The study begins with an analysis of the relevant legal framework, focusing on the principles underlying the negotiated settlement procedure, the early warning approach and the functions assigned to the independent expert, who plays a central role in facilitating negotiations between the debtor and creditors without exercising managerial or coercive powers. The legal analysis is complemented by an empirical study based on the data published by the Unioncamere–InfoCamere Observatory, aimed at examining the diffusion of the procedure, the characteristics of the enterprises accessing it and the outcomes achieved. The processing of the available data shows that, although the overall success rate of the negotiated settlement is approximately 20%, this figure does not appear to represent the phenomenon uniformly. Significant differences emerge across different enterprise size classes. While acknowledging the limitations arising from the available data, this finding provides the basis for a broader reflection on the possible relationship between the organisational characteristics of enterprises and the effectiveness of the independent expert's activity. The final part of the thesis develops a critical analysis of the role of the independent expert in light of the empirical evidence. In particular, it explores the possibility of further enhancing the expert's role in less structured enterprises by strengthening his or her methodological support during the preliminary stage of the procedure. Such an approach would aim to facilitate the development of the informational and organisational conditions necessary for effective negotiations, while preserving the expert's independence and without assigning managerial or decision-making powers. The thesis also suggests strengthening the systematic collection of data relating to completed procedures in order to support more comprehensive empirical analyses and to facilitate the future development of the legal framework on the basis of practical experience. The study therefore seeks to provide a critical reflection on the role of the independent expert by combining legal analysis with empirical evidence and by proposing some considerations on the possible evolution of the current regulatory model in light of the first available empirical findings.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/112782