The identitarian challenge in the European Union - the dialogue between democracy and identity

This thesis is primarily a critique of some key political concepts in the European Union. The starting point is the concept of identity, which in the European Union takes shape not only in the economic sphere but also in the political one. What characterizes European Identity today? This question is the first objective of this research, the answer to which is largely identifiable in the democratic aspect. It also represents an irremissible challenge to combat Euroscepticism and the democratic deficit. A sort of invisible thread connects the word "identity" with citizenship, hence of Constitution and Nation-State. All these concepts influence the modern interpretation of democracy and they lay the foundations for the understanding of the future developments of the European Union. Understanding the intrinsic relationships between concepts is the second objective of this thesis. The internal inconsistencies of democracy, the system of representation, and the fragilities of the constitutional system acquire particular relevance and end up being the stumbling blocks that the Union must overcome to find a solution to the problem of sovereignty. The last part is devoted to the possible evolutions for European democracy. The final result is a critical lens that allows us to evaluate different dynamics with which the European Union places itself on the international stage and acts internally.