Study Background: Musculoskeletal disorders represent one of the leading causes of disability and absence from work. The most important risk factors include manual material handling and the maintenance of awkward postures. Occupational exoskeletons have been developed to reduce biomechanical load and prevent these disorders, but the evidence regarding their effectiveness is still limited. Purpose of the Study: To evaluate the effects and acceptability of a passive lumbar support exoskeleton in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the real advantages and potential barriers related to the introduction of these assistive devices into daily work practice. Materials and Methods: Twenty subjects participated in the study (27.5 ± 11.3 years old; 15 males and 5 females). Six functional tests were administered (5-times sit-to-stand, toes reach, load lifting, load carrying, static forward flexion, and YMCA step test) under two conditions: with the exoskeleton active and with the device turned off. Performance parameters, perceived exertion levels using the VAS scale, and data regarding the usability and acceptability of the device through a dedicated questionnaire were collected. Results: The use of the exoskeleton did not lead to significant differences in most functional performances, resulting only in a reduction of the range of motion during the Toes Reach test (NOEXO = -2.6 ± 9.9 cm, EXO = -4.4 ± 11.3 cm, p = 0.009). A significant decrease in perceived exertion was observed during the static trunk flexion test (Median NOEXO = 5, Median EXO = 2.5, p ˂ 0.001). Overall, usability and acceptability ratings were positive (average score = 6.33 on a scale from 0 to 10), highlighting a good perception of the support provided and satisfactory ease of use. Conclusions: The passive lumbar support exoskeleton used proved to be a promising device for reducing perceived exertion during activities requiring the maintenance of trunk flexion, without compromising most functional performances. Further studies on larger samples and in real-world work environments are necessary to confirm its effectiveness. It is also necessary to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these devices in preventing musculoskeletal disorders.
Background dello studio: I disturbi muscoloscheletrici rappresentano una delle principali cause di disabilità e assenza dal lavoro. Tra i fattori di rischio più importanti vi sono la movimentazione manuale dei carichi e il mantenimento di posture incongrue. Gli esoscheletri occupazionali sono stati sviluppati per ridurre il carico biomeccanico e prevenire tali disturbi, ma le evidenze sulla loro efficacia sono ancora limitate. Scopo dello studio: Valutare gli effetti e l’accettabilità di un esoscheletro passivo di supporto lombare al fine di fornire un quadro esaustivo sui reali vantaggi e sulle potenziali barriere legati all'introduzione di questi ausili nella pratica lavorativa quotidiana. Materiali e Metodi: Hanno partecipato allo studio 20 soggetti (27.5 ± 11.3 anni; 15 maschi e 5 femmine). Sono stati somministrati sei test funzionali (5-times sit to stand, toes reach, sollevamento carico, trasporto carico, flessione anteriore statica e YMCA step test) in due condizioni: con esoscheletro attivo (EXO) e con dispositivo spento (NOEXO). Sono stati raccolti parametri di performance, livelli di sforzo percepito mediante scala VAS e dati relativi all'usabilità e all'accettabilità del dispositivo attraverso un questionario dedicato. Risultati: L'utilizzo dell'esoscheletro non ha determinato differenze significative nella maggior parte delle prestazioni funzionali, comportando solamente la riduzione del range di movimento nel test Toes Reach (NOEXO = -2.6 ± 9.9 cm, EXO = -4.4 ± 11.3 cm, p = 0.009). È stata osservata una significativa diminuzione dello sforzo percepito durante la prova di flessione statica del tronco (Mediana NOEXO = 5, Mediana EXO = 2.5, p ˂ 0.001). Le valutazioni di usabilità e accettabilità sono risultate complessivamente positive (punteggio medio = 6.33 su una scala da 0 a 10), evidenziando una buona percezione del supporto fornito e una soddisfacente facilità d'uso. Conclusioni: L'esoscheletro passivo di supporto lombare utilizzato si è dimostrato un dispositivo promettente per ridurre lo sforzo percepito durante attività che richiedono il mantenimento della flessione del tronco, senza compromettere la maggior parte delle prestazioni funzionali. Ulteriori studi su campioni più numerosi e in contesti lavorativi reali sono necessari per confermarne l'efficacia. È inoltre necessario valutare l’effetto di questi dispositivi sulla prevenzione dei disturbi muscolo-scheletrici nel lungo periodo.
Valutazione funzionale di un esoscheletro passivo di supporto lombare: studio pilota per un protocollo di studio in ambito occupazionale
POSENATO, LUIGI
2025/2026
Abstract
Study Background: Musculoskeletal disorders represent one of the leading causes of disability and absence from work. The most important risk factors include manual material handling and the maintenance of awkward postures. Occupational exoskeletons have been developed to reduce biomechanical load and prevent these disorders, but the evidence regarding their effectiveness is still limited. Purpose of the Study: To evaluate the effects and acceptability of a passive lumbar support exoskeleton in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the real advantages and potential barriers related to the introduction of these assistive devices into daily work practice. Materials and Methods: Twenty subjects participated in the study (27.5 ± 11.3 years old; 15 males and 5 females). Six functional tests were administered (5-times sit-to-stand, toes reach, load lifting, load carrying, static forward flexion, and YMCA step test) under two conditions: with the exoskeleton active and with the device turned off. Performance parameters, perceived exertion levels using the VAS scale, and data regarding the usability and acceptability of the device through a dedicated questionnaire were collected. Results: The use of the exoskeleton did not lead to significant differences in most functional performances, resulting only in a reduction of the range of motion during the Toes Reach test (NOEXO = -2.6 ± 9.9 cm, EXO = -4.4 ± 11.3 cm, p = 0.009). A significant decrease in perceived exertion was observed during the static trunk flexion test (Median NOEXO = 5, Median EXO = 2.5, p ˂ 0.001). Overall, usability and acceptability ratings were positive (average score = 6.33 on a scale from 0 to 10), highlighting a good perception of the support provided and satisfactory ease of use. Conclusions: The passive lumbar support exoskeleton used proved to be a promising device for reducing perceived exertion during activities requiring the maintenance of trunk flexion, without compromising most functional performances. Further studies on larger samples and in real-world work environments are necessary to confirm its effectiveness. It is also necessary to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these devices in preventing musculoskeletal disorders.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/112843