With the foreseen advent of quantum computers capable of rendering current encryption ineffective, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) stands out as a prominent security solution, and satellite QKD (satQKD) offers a promising approach to extend QKD over long distances, facilitating the development of a large-scale quantum communication network. In this context, the European Space Agency (ESA) EAGLE-1 mission aims to demonstrate satellite-to-ground QKD using a phase-encoding protocol. This thesis presents the development and experimental testing of a QKD receiver designed during an internship at ThinkQuantum to comply with the specifications of the EAGLE-1 mission. The core focus of this work is the receiver architecture, detailing its hardware components, control software, and the experimental tests performed to validate its performance. To facilitate in-lab testing, a dedicated source emulator was implemented to reproduce the optical signals expected from the satellite transmitter. Additionally, theoretical models were developed to estimate the anticipated phase drift and channel losses experienced by transmitted signals. Within the receiver implementation, particular attention was devoted to the algorithm compensating phase drifts between pulse pairs, as maintaining stable phase differences at the receiver is critical for reliable phase-encoded quantum-state discrimination. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed receiver architecture for phase-encoded satQKD and establish a foundation for its further development toward operation within the EAGLE-1 Optical Ground Station (OGS).
In vista del prossimo avvento dei computer quantistici, in grado di rendere inefficaci gli attuali sistemi di cifratura, la distribuzione quantistica di chiavi (QKD) si impone come una soluzione di sicurezza di prim'ordine. In questo ambito, la QKD satellitare (satQKD) offre un approccio promettente per estendere tale tecnologia su grandi distanze, facilitando la creazione di una rete di comunicazione quantistica su larga scala. In questo contesto si inserisce la missione EAGLE-1 dell'Agenzia Spaziale Europea (ESA), mirata a dimostrare la trasmissione QKD satellite-terra mediante un protocollo a codifica di fase. Il presente lavoro di tesi illustra lo sviluppo e la caratterizzazione sperimentale di un ricevitore QKD progettato durante un tirocinio presso ThinkQuantum in conformità con le specifiche della missione EAGLE-1. L'elemento centrale del lavoro è rappresentato dall'architettura del ricevitore, della quale vengono approfonditi i componenti hardware, il software di controllo e i test sperimentali eseguiti per convalidarne le prestazioni. Per agevolare le verifiche in laboratorio, è stato realizzato un emulatore di sorgente dedicato, in grado di riprodurre i segnali ottici attesi dal trasmettitore satellitare. In aggiunta, sono stati sviluppati modelli teorici per stimare la deriva di fase e le perdite di canale subite dai segnali trasmessi. Nell'ambito dell'implementazione del ricevitore, particolare cura è stata dedicata all'algoritmo di compensazione della deriva di fase tra coppie di impulsi: il mantenimento di differenze di fase stabili al ricevitore risulta infatti cruciale per una discriminazione affidabile degli stati quantistici. I risultati sperimentali dimostrano l'efficacia dell'architettura proposta per la satQKD a codifica di fase e gettano le basi per il suo ulteriore sviluppo in vista dell'impiego operativo nella Stazione di Terra Ottica (OGS) di EAGLE-1.
Sviluppo di un sistema QKD per codifica in fase
GOBBO, FILIPPO ETTORE
2025/2026
Abstract
With the foreseen advent of quantum computers capable of rendering current encryption ineffective, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) stands out as a prominent security solution, and satellite QKD (satQKD) offers a promising approach to extend QKD over long distances, facilitating the development of a large-scale quantum communication network. In this context, the European Space Agency (ESA) EAGLE-1 mission aims to demonstrate satellite-to-ground QKD using a phase-encoding protocol. This thesis presents the development and experimental testing of a QKD receiver designed during an internship at ThinkQuantum to comply with the specifications of the EAGLE-1 mission. The core focus of this work is the receiver architecture, detailing its hardware components, control software, and the experimental tests performed to validate its performance. To facilitate in-lab testing, a dedicated source emulator was implemented to reproduce the optical signals expected from the satellite transmitter. Additionally, theoretical models were developed to estimate the anticipated phase drift and channel losses experienced by transmitted signals. Within the receiver implementation, particular attention was devoted to the algorithm compensating phase drifts between pulse pairs, as maintaining stable phase differences at the receiver is critical for reliable phase-encoded quantum-state discrimination. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed receiver architecture for phase-encoded satQKD and establish a foundation for its further development toward operation within the EAGLE-1 Optical Ground Station (OGS).| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113053