This thesis is set within the field of continuum robotics, with a particular focus on tendon-driven continuum robots (TDCRs). Unlike traditional rigid-link robots, these systems are characterized by a continuous and deformable structure, which theoretically enables an infinite number of degrees of freedom and the ability to achieve highly complex configurations. These features make TDCRs especially suitable for applications in unstructured or confined environments, such as minimally invasive surgery, industrial inspection, harvesting, pruning, and navigating in agriculture and exploration. The work initially aims to provide a critical overview of the state of the art, analyzing the main modeling techniques available in the literature. The most common kinematic and dynamic models are examined, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and fields of applicability, with particular attention to the trade-off between accuracy and computational complexity. The thesis then focuses on the use of Cosserat rod theory, chosen for its high descriptive capability in modeling continuous deformations. This theory is first implemented in a purely theoretical framework for the static case, applied to a simple beam in order to validate its fundamental principles. The model is subsequently extended to TDCRs, considering both static and dynamic conditions, and including effects such as internal forces, external loads, and forces arising due to the interaction with the surrounding environment. The research closely integrates design aspects, analyzing the relation between the mechanical structure (geometry, materials, tendon arrangement), the actuation strategies, and their influence on the overall behavior of the robot. This approach is essential to ensure an adequate design with respect to the desired task to execute and also the consistency between the theoretical model and the real system. Finally, the work presents the mechanical design of a TDCR. The aim of the experimental application is to compare the theoretical results with the experimental data collected from the laboratory prototype. This allows for the assessment of the model accuracy and the identification of any discrepancies with respect to the expected behavior. The work concludes with a critical discussion of the achieved results and possible future developments.
La tesi si colloca nell'ambito della robotica continua, con particolare attenzione ai robot continui attuati tramite cavi (TDCR - Tendon-Driven Continuum Robots). A differenza dei tradizionali robot rigidi, questi sistemi sono caratterizzati da una struttura continua e deformabile, che teoricamente consente un numero infinito di gradi di libertà e la capacità di raggiungere configurazioni altamente complesse. Queste caratteristiche rendono i TDCR particolarmente adatti per applicazioni in ambienti non strutturati o confinati, come la chirurgia minimamente invasiva, l'ispezione industriale, la raccolta, la potatura e la navigazione in ambito agricolo ed esplorativo. Il lavoro si propone inizialmente di fornire una panoramica critica dello stato dell'arte, analizzando le principali tecniche di modellazione disponibili in letteratura. Vengono esaminati i più comuni modelli cinematici e dinamici, evidenziandone i vantaggi, i limiti e i campi di applicabilità, con particolare attenzione al compromesso tra accuratezza e complessità computazionale. La tesi si concentra successivamente sull'utilizzo della teoria delle aste di Cosserat (Cosserat Rod Theory), scelta per la sua accurata capacità descrittiva nella modellazione delle deformazioni continue. Questa teoria viene dapprima implementata in un quadro puramente teorico per il caso statico, applicata a una trave semplice al fine di convalidarne i principi fondamentali. Il modello viene successivamente esteso ai robot TDCR, considerando sia le condizioni statiche che quelle dinamiche, e includendo effetti come le forze interne, i carichi esterni e le forze derivanti dall'interazione con l'ambiente circostante. La ricerca integra strettamente gli aspetti di progettazione, analizzando la relazione tra la struttura meccanica (geometria, materiali, disposizione dei cavi), le strategie di attuazione e la loro influenza sul comportamento complessivo del robot. Questo approccio è essenziale per garantire una progettazione adeguata rispetto al compito desiderato, nonché la coerenza tra il modello teorico e il sistema reale. Infine, il lavoro presenta la progettazione meccanica di un TDCR. L'obiettivo dell'applicazione sperimentale è confrontare i risultati teorici con i dati sperimentali raccolti dal prototipo di laboratorio. Ciò consente di valutare l'accuratezza del modello e di identificare eventuali discrepanze rispetto al comportamento atteso. Il lavoro si conclude con una discussione critica dei risultati ottenuti e dei possibili sviluppi futuri.
Modellazione e progettazione di un robot continuo attuato tramite cavi
FONTANA, MATTEO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis is set within the field of continuum robotics, with a particular focus on tendon-driven continuum robots (TDCRs). Unlike traditional rigid-link robots, these systems are characterized by a continuous and deformable structure, which theoretically enables an infinite number of degrees of freedom and the ability to achieve highly complex configurations. These features make TDCRs especially suitable for applications in unstructured or confined environments, such as minimally invasive surgery, industrial inspection, harvesting, pruning, and navigating in agriculture and exploration. The work initially aims to provide a critical overview of the state of the art, analyzing the main modeling techniques available in the literature. The most common kinematic and dynamic models are examined, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and fields of applicability, with particular attention to the trade-off between accuracy and computational complexity. The thesis then focuses on the use of Cosserat rod theory, chosen for its high descriptive capability in modeling continuous deformations. This theory is first implemented in a purely theoretical framework for the static case, applied to a simple beam in order to validate its fundamental principles. The model is subsequently extended to TDCRs, considering both static and dynamic conditions, and including effects such as internal forces, external loads, and forces arising due to the interaction with the surrounding environment. The research closely integrates design aspects, analyzing the relation between the mechanical structure (geometry, materials, tendon arrangement), the actuation strategies, and their influence on the overall behavior of the robot. This approach is essential to ensure an adequate design with respect to the desired task to execute and also the consistency between the theoretical model and the real system. Finally, the work presents the mechanical design of a TDCR. The aim of the experimental application is to compare the theoretical results with the experimental data collected from the laboratory prototype. This allows for the assessment of the model accuracy and the identification of any discrepancies with respect to the expected behavior. The work concludes with a critical discussion of the achieved results and possible future developments.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113109