The Serre Massif in Calabria has traditionally been interpreted as a complete section of the Variscan crust. However, the lower crust hosts a major shear zone juxtapos-ing the metapelite and granulite units. The rocks in the shear zone consist of large, centimetre-sized garnet crystals, which are intensely fractured as a result of cataclastic flow. The samples studied in this thesis originate from this shear zone and can be described as ultramylonites derived from garnet-rich residual migmatitic metapelites, found at the base of the metapelite unit. The aim of this research was to place a previously not available temporal constraint on the main deformation event, which caused the cataclastic fragmentation of the garnet and possibly triggered a seismic event asso-ciated with the nucleation of the shear zone. Spatially-resolved (‘in-situ’) geochronological analyses were performed at the Frankfurt Isotope and Element Research Center (FIERCE) of Goethe University Frankfurt, using laser-ablation plasma tandem mass spectrometry featuring a reaction-cell (LA-ICP-MS/MS). Specifically, white micas and biotites were dated via the Rb-Sr isotopic system, whereas garnets were analysed using the Lu-Hf system. Due to the high temperatures experienced by these rocks, white mica dating is more reliable for constraining the timing of the main deformation event, yielding an Eo-Alpine age of 99 +/- 15 Ma. Regarding biotite, two distinct populations were microstructurally identified: one consisting of relic granulite facies Variscan biotite, which shows signs of deformation and rutile and ilmenite exsolution; the other formed by small biotite crystals closely associated with garnet and fractures. These smaller crystals exhibit young ages of 23.1 +/- 1.6 Ma and a different chemical composition, characterized by a median Li concentration ⁓1.6 time that of relic biotite, corresponding to a ⁓60% enrichment. They are therefore interpreted as neo-crystallized biotite closely associated with fluid-rock interaction during deformation. However, further work is required to establish whether their ca. 23 Ma age records cooling or a distinct episode of fluid-assisted shearing. While the Rb-Sr dating of the micas yielded precise results, the Lu-Hf dating of the garnet conversely provided a poorly defined age of 275 +/- 50 Ma with a relatively high uncertainty. The work carried out in this thesis has therefore allowed the characterization of the deformation event associated with garnet cataclastic flow; in doing so, this study establishes a new temporal constraint for the tectono-metamorphic evolu-tion of the lower crust of the Serre Massif.
Il Massiccio delle Serre in Calabria è stato tradizionalmente interpretato come un'intera sezione di crosta varisica. Tuttavia, la crosta inferiore ospita un'importante zona di taglio che mette in contatto tettonico l'unità metapelitica e quella granulitica. Le rocce affioranti in quest'area sono costituite da grossi granati centimetrici, intensamente fratturati a seguito di cataclastic flow. I campioni studiati in questo lavoro di tesi provengono da tale zona di taglio e possono essere descritti come ultramiloniti derivanti da metapeliti migmatitiche residuali ricche in granato, affioranti alla base dell’unità metapelitica. Lo scopo della ricerca è stato quello di porre un vincolo tem-porale all'evento deformativo principale, che ha causato la frammentazione cataclastica del granato e, plausibilmente, innescato un evento sismico associato alla nucleazio-ne della zona di taglio. Le analisi sono state eseguite tramite il sistema laser-ablation plasma tandem mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS/MS) presso il Frankfurt Isotope and Element Re-search Center (FIERCE) della Goethe University Frankfurt. Nello specifico, le miche bianche e le biotiti sono state datate tramite il sistema isotopico Rb-Sr, mentre i granati sono stati analizzati con il sistema Lu-Hf. A causa delle alte temperature subite da queste rocce, la datazione delle miche bianche risulta maggiormente affidabile per vincolare cronologicamente l'evento deformativo principale e restituisce un'età Eo-alpina di 99 +/- 15 Ma. Per quanto riguarda la biotite, sono state riconosciute microstrutturalmente due popolazioni distinte: una costituita dai relitti della biotite varisica di facies granulitica, che presentano segni di deformazione ed essoluzioni di rutilo ed ilmenite; l'altra formata da piccoli cristalli di biotite, strettamente associati al granato e alle fratture. I cristalli più piccoli mostrano età inferiori, pari a 23.1 +/- 1.6 Ma, e una composizione chimica differente, caratterizzata da una concentrazione mediana di Li circa 1.6 volte superiore rispetto a quella della biotite relitta, corrispondente ad un arricchimento di circa il 60%. Questi sono quindi interpretati come biotite neocristallizzata, strettamente associata all’interazione fluido-roccia durante la deformazione. Tut-tavia, sono necessari ulteriori studi per stabilire se la loro età di circa 23 Ma registri un evento di raffreddamento oppure un distinto evento deformativo. Mentre la datazione Rb-Sr delle miche ha fornito risultati precisi, la datazione Lu-Hf del granato ha restituito un'età poco definita, di 275 +/- 50 Ma, con un'incertezza re-lativamente elevata. Il lavoro svolto in questa tesi ha quindi permesso di caratterizzare l’evento deformativo associato al cataclastic flow del granato; in questo modo, lo studio stabilisce un nuovo vincolo temporale relativo all'evoluzione tettono-metamorfica della crosta inferiore del Massiccio delle Serre.
Dating deformation via spatially-resolved Lu-Hf and Rb-Sr geochronology by LA-ICP-MS/MS: new insights from the Serre Massif (Calabria)
BERTINI, LORENZO
2025/2026
Abstract
The Serre Massif in Calabria has traditionally been interpreted as a complete section of the Variscan crust. However, the lower crust hosts a major shear zone juxtapos-ing the metapelite and granulite units. The rocks in the shear zone consist of large, centimetre-sized garnet crystals, which are intensely fractured as a result of cataclastic flow. The samples studied in this thesis originate from this shear zone and can be described as ultramylonites derived from garnet-rich residual migmatitic metapelites, found at the base of the metapelite unit. The aim of this research was to place a previously not available temporal constraint on the main deformation event, which caused the cataclastic fragmentation of the garnet and possibly triggered a seismic event asso-ciated with the nucleation of the shear zone. Spatially-resolved (‘in-situ’) geochronological analyses were performed at the Frankfurt Isotope and Element Research Center (FIERCE) of Goethe University Frankfurt, using laser-ablation plasma tandem mass spectrometry featuring a reaction-cell (LA-ICP-MS/MS). Specifically, white micas and biotites were dated via the Rb-Sr isotopic system, whereas garnets were analysed using the Lu-Hf system. Due to the high temperatures experienced by these rocks, white mica dating is more reliable for constraining the timing of the main deformation event, yielding an Eo-Alpine age of 99 +/- 15 Ma. Regarding biotite, two distinct populations were microstructurally identified: one consisting of relic granulite facies Variscan biotite, which shows signs of deformation and rutile and ilmenite exsolution; the other formed by small biotite crystals closely associated with garnet and fractures. These smaller crystals exhibit young ages of 23.1 +/- 1.6 Ma and a different chemical composition, characterized by a median Li concentration ⁓1.6 time that of relic biotite, corresponding to a ⁓60% enrichment. They are therefore interpreted as neo-crystallized biotite closely associated with fluid-rock interaction during deformation. However, further work is required to establish whether their ca. 23 Ma age records cooling or a distinct episode of fluid-assisted shearing. While the Rb-Sr dating of the micas yielded precise results, the Lu-Hf dating of the garnet conversely provided a poorly defined age of 275 +/- 50 Ma with a relatively high uncertainty. The work carried out in this thesis has therefore allowed the characterization of the deformation event associated with garnet cataclastic flow; in doing so, this study establishes a new temporal constraint for the tectono-metamorphic evolu-tion of the lower crust of the Serre Massif.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/115037