Bone defects resulting from trauma, disease, or aging remain a major clinical challenge, highlighting the need for biomaterials capable of supporting and promoting bone regeneration. Among the most promising candidates, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) have attracted considerable attention due to their high surface area, tunable composition, bioactive properties, and ability to incorporate and release therapeutic ions, offering opportunities to modulate osteogenic, angiogenic, and antibacterial responses. This thesis focuses on the synthesis, surface functionalisation, and characterisation of MBGNs for bone tissue engineering applications. Surface modification strategies were investigated to tailor the physicochemical and interfacial properties of the nanoparticles and modulate their interaction with the biological environment. In parallel, ion-doped MBGNs were developed to investigate the effects of compositional modification on the resulting material properties. The nanoparticles were subsequently incorporated into hydrogel-based systems and three-dimensional scaffolds to develop composite biomaterials for potential bone tissue engineering applications. The materials were characterised using complementary analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta-potential analysis, to evaluate their morphology, structure, and surface properties. In addition, in vitro biological studies using pre-osteoblastic cells were performed to assess cell viability and investigate the influence of nanoparticle surface modification on the cellular response. Overall, this work explores complementary compositional and surface-engineering strategies for tailoring MBGN-based biomaterials and their integration into hydrogel-based three-dimensional systems, providing a basis for the further development of multifunctional composite platforms for bone tissue engineering. The research was carried out in collaboration between Friedrich-Alexander- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and the University of Padua.
I difetti ossei derivanti da traumi, patologie o invecchiamento rappresentano tuttora una rilevante sfida clinica, evidenziando la necessità di sviluppare biomateriali in grado di supportare e promuovere la rigenerazione ossea. Tra i candidati più promettenti, le nanoparticelle di vetro bioattivo mesoporoso (MBGNs) hanno suscitato notevole interesse grazie alla loro elevata area superficiale, alla composizione modulabile, alle proprietà bioattive e alla capacità di incorporare e rilasciare ioni terapeutici, offrendo la possibilità di modulare le risposte osteogeniche, angiogeniche e antibatteriche. La presente tesi si concentra sulla sintesi, sulla funzionalizzazione superficiale e sulla caratterizzazione di MBGNs destinate ad applicazioni nell’ingegneria del tessuto osseo. Sono state studiate strategie di modificazione superficiale finalizzate a modulare le proprietà fisico-chimiche e interfacciali delle nanoparticelle e la loro interazione con l’ambiente biologico. Parallelamente, sono state sviluppate MBGNs drogate con ioni al fine di studiare gli effetti della modifica composizionale sulle proprietà risultanti del materiale. Le nanoparticelle sono state successivamente incorporate in sistemi a base di idrogel e in scaffold tridimensionali, con l’obiettivo di sviluppare biomateriali compositi per potenziali applicazioni nell’ingegneria del tessuto osseo. I materiali sono stati caratterizzati mediante tecniche analitiche complementari, tra cui microscopia elettronica a scansione (SEM), spettroscopia infrarossa in trasformata di Fourier (FTIR), diffrazione a raggi X (XRD), diffusione dinamica della luce (DLS) e analisi del potenziale zeta, al fine di valutarne la morfologia, la struttura e le proprietà superficiali. Inoltre, sono stati condotti studi biologici in vitro utilizzando cellule pre-osteoblastiche, allo scopo di valutare la vitalità cellulare e studiare l’influenza della modificazione superficiale delle nanoparticelle sulla risposta cellulare. Nel complesso, questo lavoro esplora strategie complementari di ingegnerizzazione composizionale e superficiale per modulare le proprietà dei biomateriali basati su MBGNs e la loro integrazione in sistemi tridimensionali a base di idrogel, fornendo una base per il successivo sviluppo di piattaforme composite multifunzionali destinate all’ingegneria del tessuto osseo. La ricerca è stata svolta nell’ambito di una collaborazione tra la Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg e l’Università degli Studi di Padova.
Sviluppo e caratterizzazione di nanoparticelle mesoporose di vetro bioattivo funzionalizzate per la rigenerazione ossea
BIBA, SARA
2025/2026
Abstract
Bone defects resulting from trauma, disease, or aging remain a major clinical challenge, highlighting the need for biomaterials capable of supporting and promoting bone regeneration. Among the most promising candidates, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) have attracted considerable attention due to their high surface area, tunable composition, bioactive properties, and ability to incorporate and release therapeutic ions, offering opportunities to modulate osteogenic, angiogenic, and antibacterial responses. This thesis focuses on the synthesis, surface functionalisation, and characterisation of MBGNs for bone tissue engineering applications. Surface modification strategies were investigated to tailor the physicochemical and interfacial properties of the nanoparticles and modulate their interaction with the biological environment. In parallel, ion-doped MBGNs were developed to investigate the effects of compositional modification on the resulting material properties. The nanoparticles were subsequently incorporated into hydrogel-based systems and three-dimensional scaffolds to develop composite biomaterials for potential bone tissue engineering applications. The materials were characterised using complementary analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta-potential analysis, to evaluate their morphology, structure, and surface properties. In addition, in vitro biological studies using pre-osteoblastic cells were performed to assess cell viability and investigate the influence of nanoparticle surface modification on the cellular response. Overall, this work explores complementary compositional and surface-engineering strategies for tailoring MBGN-based biomaterials and their integration into hydrogel-based three-dimensional systems, providing a basis for the further development of multifunctional composite platforms for bone tissue engineering. The research was carried out in collaboration between Friedrich-Alexander- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and the University of Padua.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/116003