Macrocyclic peptides are increasingly emerging as a highly valuable molecular format for drug development. Nowadays, peptides are generally produced mainly through solid‑phase chemical synthesis which, although robust and effective, raises environmental and health concerns. Therefore, more sustainable methods are needed, both environmentally and economically. To address this issue, we explored the possibility of using engineered biological systems such as bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells. Specifically, this work investigated the feasibility of employing Pichia pastoris for the production, in a secreted and soluble form, of cyclic peptides fused to a model protein for which specific affinity chromatography resins are available. To this end, DNA sequences encoding different peptide variants were amplified, purified, and cloned into dedicated expression vectors. Correct cloning was verified by Sanger sequencing, and P. pastoris yeast cells were subsequently transformed by electroporation. The cells were grown, and production of the fusion peptides was induced by adding methanol to the culture medium. The secreted fusion peptide was then purified by affinity chromatography followed by size‑exclusion chromatography. Purity was assessed by electrophoresis, and concentration was determined spectroscopically. The results obtained showed good purity levels and yields for most of the fusion peptides tested, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the method employed.
I peptidi macrociclici si stanno dimostrando sempre più un formato molecolare di grande valore per lo sviluppo di farmaci. Oggigiorno, i peptidi vengono generalmente prodotti principalmente per mezzo della sintesi chimica su fase solida che, seppur molto robusta ed efficace, pone problemi dal punto di vista ambientale e della salute. C’è quindi bisogno di metodi più sostenibili sia dal punto di vista ambientale che economico. Per affrontare questo problema, si è deciso di esplorare la possibilità di utilizzare organismi ingegnerizzati quali cellule batteriche, di lievito e di mammifero. Nello specifico, in questo lavoro è stata investigata la possibilità di utilizzare Pichia pastoris per la produzione, in forma secreta e solubile, di peptidi ciclici fusi a una proteina modello, per la quale esistono resine specifiche per la cromatografia di affinità. A questo fine, sono state amplificate, purificate e clonate le sequenze di DNA codificanti diverse sequenze peptidiche all’interno di vettori di espressione dedicati. È stato verificato che il clonaggio fosse avvenuto in modo corretto per mezzo del sequenziamento Sanger e, successivamente, sono state trasformate le cellule di lievito P. pastoris tramite elettroporazione. Le cellule sono state fatte crescere e la produzione dei peptidi di fusione è stata indotta tramite l’aggiunta di metanolo al mezzo di coltura. Il peptide di fusione secreto è stato successivamente purificato per mezzo di cromatografia di affinità e di esclusione dimensionale. Il grado di purezza è stato confermato per mezzo di elettroforesi e la concentrazione determinata per mezzo di spettroscopia. I risultati ottenuti hanno dimostrato buoni gradi di purezza e rese per la maggior parte dei peptidi di fusione testati, dimostrando quindi l’efficacia del metodo utilizzato.
Progettazione e realizzazione di peptidi ciclici di fusione mediante cellule di lievito ingegnerizzate.
MARCHESIN, VITTORIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Macrocyclic peptides are increasingly emerging as a highly valuable molecular format for drug development. Nowadays, peptides are generally produced mainly through solid‑phase chemical synthesis which, although robust and effective, raises environmental and health concerns. Therefore, more sustainable methods are needed, both environmentally and economically. To address this issue, we explored the possibility of using engineered biological systems such as bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells. Specifically, this work investigated the feasibility of employing Pichia pastoris for the production, in a secreted and soluble form, of cyclic peptides fused to a model protein for which specific affinity chromatography resins are available. To this end, DNA sequences encoding different peptide variants were amplified, purified, and cloned into dedicated expression vectors. Correct cloning was verified by Sanger sequencing, and P. pastoris yeast cells were subsequently transformed by electroporation. The cells were grown, and production of the fusion peptides was induced by adding methanol to the culture medium. The secreted fusion peptide was then purified by affinity chromatography followed by size‑exclusion chromatography. Purity was assessed by electrophoresis, and concentration was determined spectroscopically. The results obtained showed good purity levels and yields for most of the fusion peptides tested, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the method employed.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/116115