In the context of the structural challenges inherent in the modern industrial food system and its extractive and degrading relationship towards ecological and social systems, seeds and their governance represent a key category for analyzing power structures, decommodifying our relationship with nature, and promoting food sovereignty. In regions with high levels of agricultural industrialization and the decline of small-scale farming, such as Europe, peasant seed systems, cultivated biodiversity, and local varieties have been eroded by the homogenizing and privatizing forces of the Green Revolution. This dissertation investigates the state of farmers’ rights and sovereignty regarding seeds in Europe by addressing two complementary territorial scales. On the one hand, it characterizes the seed debate in Spain, analyzing the scope of and limitations to the peasant seed system within the country, as well as strategies to revitalize it. On the other hand, it frames the issue at the European Union level and in regulatory terms, analyzing the evolution of reform proposals by European institutions regarding New Genomic Techniques and Plant Reproductive Material, and their implications for farmers’ autonomy and rights. Using a qualitative methodology based on 19 semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and analysis of official records from a multi-scale and multi-stakeholder perspective, this study demonstrates the existence of a peasant seed system in Spain composed of a mosaic of diverse actors and factors, in which both small scale professional farmers and seed networks face various challenges regarding seeds and traditional varieties, related especially to excessive regulation, unequal interpretation of policies, market access, and misappropriation by industry. At the European level, the findings of this study suggest that, despite recent opportunities for dialogue and reforms, European seed regulations continue to promote a productivity-driven agriculture based on biotechnology and state control, at the expense of farmers’ rights and autonomy. These findings point to the need for both legal and more systemic, community-based tools to ensure the survival of peasant seed systems and the principles of food sovereignty. In this way, the study contributes to the broader vision of agroecology as an emancipatory path that prioritizes localized food systems and places the participation and rights of their key actors at the center.
En el contexto de los desafíos estructurales del sistema alimentario industrial moderno y su relación extractivista y degradante hacia los eco y socio sistemas, las semillas y su gobernanza representan una categoría clave para analizar estructuras de poder, desmercantilizar la relación con la naturaleza y promover la soberanía alimentaria. En territorios con alto nivel de industrialización agraria y descampesinización como Europa, los sistemas de semillas campesinas, la biodiversidad cultivada y las variedades locales se han visto erosionados por el ímpetu homogenizador y privatizante de la Revolución verde. Esta tesis investiga el estado de los derechos y la soberanía de los y las agricultores/as con respecto a las semillas en Europa abordando dos escalas territoriales complementarias. Por un lado, caracteriza el debate de semillas en España, analizando el alcance de y las limitaciones al sistema de semillas campesinas en el territorio nacional, así como estrategias para protegerlo y valorarlo. Por otro lado, enmarca el problema a escala de la Unión Europea y en términos normativos, analizando la evolución de las propuestas de reforma de las instituciones europeas en cuanto a Nuevas Técnicas Genómicas y Material de Reproducción Vegetal, y sus implicaciones para la autonomía y los derechos de los agricultores. A través de una metodología cualitativa basada en 19 entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación participante, y análisis de archivos oficiales con perspectiva multi escalar y multi actor, el trabajo evidencia la presencia de un sistema de semillas campesinas en España conformando por un mosaico de actores y factores diversificados, donde tanto agricultores profesionales como redes de semillas encuentran diferentes desafíos con respecto a las semillas y las variedades locales, relacionados especialmente con una excesiva normativización, una interpretación desigual de las políticas, el acceso al mercado y la apropiación indebida por parte de la industria. A escala europea, los resultados de este trabajo sugieren que, a pesar de los espacios de diálogo y de posibilidad de reformas abiertos, las normativas europeas en cuanto a semillas siguen promoviendo una agricultura productivista basada en la promoción de las biotecnologías y el control estatal, a costa de los derechos de los agricultores y su autonomía. Estos hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de herramientas tanto jurídicas como más sistémicas y comunitarias para garantizar la subsistencia de los sistemas de semillas campesinas y de las propuestas de la soberanía alimentaria. De esta forma, ofrece una contribución a la propuesta más amplia de la agroecología como camino emancipador que apuesta a sistemas alimentarios localizados y que ponga en el centro la participación y los derechos de sus actores centrales.
Semillas y soberanía en el contexto español y europeo: entre la gobernanza de las semillas y la resistencia de los sistemas campesinos.
FRATONI, MAYA
2025/2026
Abstract
In the context of the structural challenges inherent in the modern industrial food system and its extractive and degrading relationship towards ecological and social systems, seeds and their governance represent a key category for analyzing power structures, decommodifying our relationship with nature, and promoting food sovereignty. In regions with high levels of agricultural industrialization and the decline of small-scale farming, such as Europe, peasant seed systems, cultivated biodiversity, and local varieties have been eroded by the homogenizing and privatizing forces of the Green Revolution. This dissertation investigates the state of farmers’ rights and sovereignty regarding seeds in Europe by addressing two complementary territorial scales. On the one hand, it characterizes the seed debate in Spain, analyzing the scope of and limitations to the peasant seed system within the country, as well as strategies to revitalize it. On the other hand, it frames the issue at the European Union level and in regulatory terms, analyzing the evolution of reform proposals by European institutions regarding New Genomic Techniques and Plant Reproductive Material, and their implications for farmers’ autonomy and rights. Using a qualitative methodology based on 19 semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and analysis of official records from a multi-scale and multi-stakeholder perspective, this study demonstrates the existence of a peasant seed system in Spain composed of a mosaic of diverse actors and factors, in which both small scale professional farmers and seed networks face various challenges regarding seeds and traditional varieties, related especially to excessive regulation, unequal interpretation of policies, market access, and misappropriation by industry. At the European level, the findings of this study suggest that, despite recent opportunities for dialogue and reforms, European seed regulations continue to promote a productivity-driven agriculture based on biotechnology and state control, at the expense of farmers’ rights and autonomy. These findings point to the need for both legal and more systemic, community-based tools to ensure the survival of peasant seed systems and the principles of food sovereignty. In this way, the study contributes to the broader vision of agroecology as an emancipatory path that prioritizes localized food systems and places the participation and rights of their key actors at the center.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Fratoni_Maya.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
4.92 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.92 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/116290