316L stainless steel (SS) is one of the most employed materials in the biomedical field, especially for joint replacements, fixation devices (e.g. screws and plates), and cardiovascular stents. This is thanks to its reduced costs, biocompatibility and intrinsic resistance to corrosion. 316L SS spontaneously forms a passive oxide layer that determines its corrosion resistance in physiological environments; however, the presence of chlorides can still ruin the layer and ultimately lead to damaging the structural integrity of the implant and its loosening. To obtain patient-specific devices and a refined microstructure of the material, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is utilized. This sub-cellular structure, which is highly dependent on the chosen building orientation, enhances the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance of the material. This thesis focuses on wear, corrosion, and tribocorrosion behavior of 316L SS samples printed with different building orientations (50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°) via LPBF, in order to understand how these angles influence the material’s degradation. The study analyzed these behaviors with various electrochemical tests: Potentiodynamic Polarization (PD) and Mott-Schottky (MS) for corrosion, and Miller test for tribocorrosion (with and without abrasive particles). All the tests were conducted in Simulated Body Fluid; PD and MS were also analyzed in Borate Buffer solution, to observe the difference in the materials’ behavior in a less corrosive solution. The microstructure of 316L SS samples was analyzed via SEM and EBSD prior to testing, and after the Miller test the morphology of wear tracks was observed via SEM and Optical Microscopy. To have a complete understanding of the results, also Vickers test was conducted to determine hardness of the different samples.
L’acciaio inossidabile 316L è uno dei materiali più impiegati nel campo biomedicale, in particolare per protesi articolari, dispositivi di fissaggio (ad esempio, viti e placche) e stents cardiovascolari. Ciò è dovuto ai suoi costi contenuti, alla biocompatibilità e all’intrinseca resistenza alla corrosione. L’acciaio 316L forma spontaneamente uno strato passivo di ossido che ne determina la resistenza alla corrosione negli ambienti fisiologici; tuttavia, la presenza di cloruri può comunque rovinare questo strato e, infine, portare al danneggiamento dell’integrità strutturale dell’impianto e al suo allentamento. Per ottenere dispositivi personalizzati sulle specifiche del paziente e una microstruttura affinata del materiale, si utilizza la tecnica Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). Questa struttura sub-cellulare, che dipende fortemente dall’orientamento di stampa scelto, migliora le proprietà meccaniche e la resistenza alla corrosione del materiale. Questa tesi si concentra sul comportamento all’usura, alla corrosione e alla tribocorrosione di campioni in acciaio 316L stampati tramite LPBF con diverse orientazioni di stampa (50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°), al fine di comprendere come questi angoli influenzino la degradazione del materiale. Lo studio ha analizzato tali comportamenti attraverso vari test elettrochimici: polarizzazione potenziodinamica (PD) e Mott-Schottky (MS) per la corrosione, e il test di Miller per la tribocorrosione (in presenza e in assenza di particelle abrasive). Tutti i test sono stati condotti in fluido corporeo simulato; PD e MS sono stati analizzati anche in soluzione di tampone borato, per osservare la differenza del comportamento del materiale in una soluzione meno corrosiva. La microstruttura dei campioni in acciaio 316L è stata analizzata tramite SEM e EBSD prima dei test, mentre dopo il test di Miller la morfologia delle tracce di usura è stata osservata tramite SEM e Microscopia Ottica. Per avere una comprensione completa dei risultati, è stato condotto anche il Vickers test per determinare la durezza dei diversi campioni.
Combined Corrosion and Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steels for Medical Implants Applications in Simulated Physiological Environments
MURA, LORENZA
2025/2026
Abstract
316L stainless steel (SS) is one of the most employed materials in the biomedical field, especially for joint replacements, fixation devices (e.g. screws and plates), and cardiovascular stents. This is thanks to its reduced costs, biocompatibility and intrinsic resistance to corrosion. 316L SS spontaneously forms a passive oxide layer that determines its corrosion resistance in physiological environments; however, the presence of chlorides can still ruin the layer and ultimately lead to damaging the structural integrity of the implant and its loosening. To obtain patient-specific devices and a refined microstructure of the material, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is utilized. This sub-cellular structure, which is highly dependent on the chosen building orientation, enhances the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance of the material. This thesis focuses on wear, corrosion, and tribocorrosion behavior of 316L SS samples printed with different building orientations (50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°) via LPBF, in order to understand how these angles influence the material’s degradation. The study analyzed these behaviors with various electrochemical tests: Potentiodynamic Polarization (PD) and Mott-Schottky (MS) for corrosion, and Miller test for tribocorrosion (with and without abrasive particles). All the tests were conducted in Simulated Body Fluid; PD and MS were also analyzed in Borate Buffer solution, to observe the difference in the materials’ behavior in a less corrosive solution. The microstructure of 316L SS samples was analyzed via SEM and EBSD prior to testing, and after the Miller test the morphology of wear tracks was observed via SEM and Optical Microscopy. To have a complete understanding of the results, also Vickers test was conducted to determine hardness of the different samples.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/116603