In recent years, Italy has experienced a growing presence of foreign criminal organizations operating alongside traditional mafia groups. Networks linked to Albanian, Nigerian, Chinese, Eastern European, and Balkan organized crime have become increasingly active in activities such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, money laundering, and illegal labor exploitation. This development raises important questions about whether the current Italian anti-mafia framework is fully equipped to respond to forms of organized crime that differ from the traditional structure of Italian mafias. This thesis explores the possibility of extending and adapting existing Italian anti-mafia policies to foreign criminal organizations operating in Italy. The research focuses on the effectiveness of current legal and institutional instruments, with particular attention to Article 416-bis of the Italian Penal Code, preventive measures, asset confiscation, and investigative practices used in anti-mafia operations. The study examines the main differences between traditional Italian mafia organizations and foreign criminal networks, highlighting how different structures, methods of intimidation, and transnational connections can challenge the application of existing anti-mafia legislation. At the same time, the thesis analyzes the strengths of the Italian anti-mafia model, which remains one of the most developed systems for combating organized crime. Using a policy-oriented and interdisciplinary approach, the thesis argues that the Italian anti-mafia framework can still serve as an effective tool against foreign organized crime, but only through targeted reforms and a broader understanding of contemporary criminal organizations. The research ultimately aims to contribute to the debate on how Italy can adapt its anti-mafia strategy to the changing nature of organized crime in an increasingly interconnected world.
Negli ultimi anni, l’Italia ha registrato una crescente presenza di organizzazioni criminali straniere che operano accanto ai tradizionali gruppi mafiosi. Reti legate alla criminalità organizzata albanese, nigeriana, cinese, dell’Europa orientale e balcanica sono diventate sempre più attive in attività quali il traffico di droga, la tratta di esseri umani, il riciclaggio di denaro e lo sfruttamento illegale del lavoro. Questo sviluppo solleva importanti interrogativi sul’attuale quadro normativo antimafia italiano e la sua adeguatezza nel contrastare forme di criminalità organizzata che differiscono dalla struttura tradizionale delle mafie italiane. Questa tesi esplora la possibilità di estendere e adattare le attuali politiche antimafia italiane alle organizzazioni criminali straniere operanti in Italia. La ricerca si concentra sull’efficacia degli attuali strumenti giuridici e istituzionali, con particolare attenzione all’articolo 416-bis del Codice Penale italiano, alle misure preventive, alla confisca dei beni e alle pratiche investigative utilizzate nelle operazioni antimafia. Lo studio esamina le principali differenze tra le tradizionali organizzazioni mafiose italiane e le reti criminali straniere, evidenziando come strutture differenti, diversi metodi di intimidazione e connessioni transnazionali possano mettere in discussione l’applicazione della legislazione antimafia esistente. Allo stesso tempo, la tesi analizza i punti di forza del modello antimafia italiano, che rimane uno dei sistemi più sviluppati nella lotta contro la criminalità organizzata. Attraverso un approccio interdisciplinare e orientato alle politiche pubbliche, la tesi sostiene che il quadro antimafia italiano possa ancora rappresentare uno strumento efficace contro la criminalità organizzata straniera, ma solo attraverso riforme mirate e una comprensione più ampia delle organizzazioni criminali contemporanee. La ricerca mira infine a contribuire al dibattito su come l’Italia possa adattare la propria strategia antimafia alla natura mutevole della criminalità organizzata in un mondo sempre più interconnesso.
Legislazione antimafia italiana e criminalità organizzata straniera: prospettive di adattamento e attuazione delle politiche attuali
STEFAN POLONI, NENA TRIA
2025/2026
Abstract
In recent years, Italy has experienced a growing presence of foreign criminal organizations operating alongside traditional mafia groups. Networks linked to Albanian, Nigerian, Chinese, Eastern European, and Balkan organized crime have become increasingly active in activities such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, money laundering, and illegal labor exploitation. This development raises important questions about whether the current Italian anti-mafia framework is fully equipped to respond to forms of organized crime that differ from the traditional structure of Italian mafias. This thesis explores the possibility of extending and adapting existing Italian anti-mafia policies to foreign criminal organizations operating in Italy. The research focuses on the effectiveness of current legal and institutional instruments, with particular attention to Article 416-bis of the Italian Penal Code, preventive measures, asset confiscation, and investigative practices used in anti-mafia operations. The study examines the main differences between traditional Italian mafia organizations and foreign criminal networks, highlighting how different structures, methods of intimidation, and transnational connections can challenge the application of existing anti-mafia legislation. At the same time, the thesis analyzes the strengths of the Italian anti-mafia model, which remains one of the most developed systems for combating organized crime. Using a policy-oriented and interdisciplinary approach, the thesis argues that the Italian anti-mafia framework can still serve as an effective tool against foreign organized crime, but only through targeted reforms and a broader understanding of contemporary criminal organizations. The research ultimately aims to contribute to the debate on how Italy can adapt its anti-mafia strategy to the changing nature of organized crime in an increasingly interconnected world.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118162