Tree-related microhabitats as indicators of biodiversity potential in remnant and restored lowland forests of the Veneto region

Lowland forests are among the most threatened forest ecosystems in Europe due to decades of land-use change, agricultural expansion and habitat fragmentation. In the Veneto Region, just a limited number of remnant lowland forests persist with also restored forests established through ecological restoration initiatives. Evaluating whether restored forests are developing structural characteristics comparable to the ones of remnant forests is essential for assessing the success of restoration and its contribution to biodiversity conservation. Tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) are widely recognized as reliable indicators of forest structural complexity and biodiversity, as they provide essential resources for numerous forest-dwelling organisms. This study compares the abundance and diversity of TreMs in remnant and restored lowland forests of the Veneto Region. Field surveys were conducted within circular sample plots, where living trees were inventoried and structural attributes, TreMs, and deadwood were recorded following standardized protocols. By comparing the occurrence and diversity of TreMs between remnant and restored forests, this study aims to evaluate the ecological value of restored forests and their potential to support biodiversity. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of forest restoration outcomes and provide useful information for the conservation and sustainable management of lowland forests in the Veneto Region.