This thesis investigates the use of timber harvested from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands damaged by the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) in a forest compartment located in the municipality of Gallio (Vicenza, Italy), within the Natura 2000 network. Because the study area includes the habitat of the endemic Aurora alpine salamander (Salamandra atra auroraeTrevisan, 1982), forest operations were carried out during the winter season to reduce impacts on wildlife and forest soil. Special operational measures were adopted to minimize soil disturbance and compaction. The harvesting operation was performed using a Cut-to-Length (CTL) system. A forest harvester was used for tree felling and processing, while a forwarder was employed for timber extraction to the landing area located at the bottom of the valley. In some parts of the site, where terrain conditions were more difficult, a farm tractor equipped with a forestry winch supported the extraction operations. The study had two main objectives. The first objective was to monitor the CTL extraction system by mapping and describing the extraction trails used by the harvester and the forwarder. For each trail, its length, slope, width and the level of soil disturbance were measured, with particular attention to rut depth caused by machine traffic. The study also investigated whether the trails were pre-existing, newly opened for the harvesting operation, or formed by natural erosion processes, since no historical information on the forest trail network was available. In addition, the organization of the harvesting operation was analysed to evaluate the relationship between the extraction trails and hydrologically sensitive areas. The influence of different factors, including surface water flow concentration, terrain slope and the number of machine passes, on soil disturbance was also evaluated. The second objective was to validate a GIS-based model developed within a research project for planning the main extraction trails before harvesting. The model combines Depth to Water (DTW) maps, which identify areas with high soil moisture and hydrological sensitivity, with operational data collected from the forwarder through a CAN-BUS datalogger following the SAE J1939 standard. The recorded data included travelling speed, instantaneous fuel consumption and engine load. These data were integrated into the GIS model to support pre-harvest planning of extraction trails. Finally, the planned trail network was compared with the trails actually used during harvesting in order to evaluate the accuracy and practical applicability of the model. The results show that...
La presente tesi affronta le problematiche connesse all'utilizzazione del legname derivante da soprassuoli di abete rosso (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) colpiti dal coleottero scolitide Ips typographus (L.), in un lotto boschivo situato nel Comune di Gallio (VI), ricadente all'interno della Rete Natura 2000. La presenza di habitat di elevato valore conservazionistico e, in particolare, dell'areale della salamandra alpina di Aurora (Salamandra atra aurorae Trevisan, 1982), ha reso necessario pianificare le operazioni forestali nel periodo invernale, al fine di ridurre al minimo gli impatti sulla fauna edafica e sugli habitat sensibili. A tale scopo sono stati adottati specifici accorgimenti operativi volti a limitare le alterazioni del suolo e la compattazione indotta dal transito dei mezzi. L'intervento selvicolturale è stato realizzato mediante un sistema di utilizzazione di tipo Cut-to-Length (CTL), con impiego di un harvester per le operazioni di abbattimento e allestimento e di un forwarder per l'esbosco del legname fino al piazzale di deposito ubicato a valle. In alcune porzioni del cantiere, caratterizzate da condizioni morfologiche particolarmente sfavorevoli, il forwarder è stato supportato da un trattore forestale equipaggiato con verricello. La ricerca si è articolata in due obiettivi principali. Il primo ha riguardato il monitoraggio del sistema di esbosco CTL attraverso la mappatura e la caratterizzazione della rete di piste percorse dall' harvester e dal forwarder. Per ciascun tracciato sono stati rilevati lo sviluppo planimetrico, la pendenza longitudinale, la larghezza e il grado di alterazione del profilo del suolo, con particolare attenzione alla profondità delle ormaie generate dal passaggio dei mezzi. L'analisi ha inoltre permesso di distinguere le piste preesistenti da quelle aperte appositamente per l'intervento e da quelle originatesi in seguito a fenomeni erosivi, in assenza di una documentazione storica della viabilità forestale secondaria. Contestualmente è stata analizzata l'organizzazione del cantiere e del sistema di lavoro, al fine di valutare le relazioni tra la distribuzione delle piste effettivamente utilizzate e la presenza di aree idrologicamente sensibili. In particolare, è stato verificato se l'entità delle alterazioni del suolo fosse influenzata da variabili quali la concentrazione del deflusso superficiale, la pendenza del versante e il numero di transiti dei mezzi forestali. Il secondo obiettivo dello studio è consistito nella validazione di un modello GIS sviluppato nell'ambito di un progetto di ricerca per la pianificazione preventiva delle piste principali di esbosco. Il modello integra le Depth to Water Maps (DTW), utilizzate per individuare le aree caratterizzate da maggiore sensibilità idrologica, con dati operativi acquisiti direttamente dal forwarder mediante un acquisitore dati CAN-BUS conforme allo standard SAE J1939, in grado di registrare parametri quali velocità di avanzamento, consumo istantaneo di carburante e carico del motore. L'integrazione di tali informazioni ha consentito di elaborare un modello di supporto alla pianificazione pre-cantiere delle piste di esbosco, successivamente confrontato con la rete di piste realmente sviluppata durante le operazioni di utilizzazione, al fine di valutarne l'affidabilità e l'applicabilità operativa. I risultati ottenuti evidenziano...
Sviluppo e caratterizzazione della rete di piste di esbosco in un cantiere di utilizzazione forestale ad elevata meccanizzazione in Val di Nos - Gallio (VI)
RIGONI, DANIELE
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis investigates the use of timber harvested from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands damaged by the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) in a forest compartment located in the municipality of Gallio (Vicenza, Italy), within the Natura 2000 network. Because the study area includes the habitat of the endemic Aurora alpine salamander (Salamandra atra auroraeTrevisan, 1982), forest operations were carried out during the winter season to reduce impacts on wildlife and forest soil. Special operational measures were adopted to minimize soil disturbance and compaction. The harvesting operation was performed using a Cut-to-Length (CTL) system. A forest harvester was used for tree felling and processing, while a forwarder was employed for timber extraction to the landing area located at the bottom of the valley. In some parts of the site, where terrain conditions were more difficult, a farm tractor equipped with a forestry winch supported the extraction operations. The study had two main objectives. The first objective was to monitor the CTL extraction system by mapping and describing the extraction trails used by the harvester and the forwarder. For each trail, its length, slope, width and the level of soil disturbance were measured, with particular attention to rut depth caused by machine traffic. The study also investigated whether the trails were pre-existing, newly opened for the harvesting operation, or formed by natural erosion processes, since no historical information on the forest trail network was available. In addition, the organization of the harvesting operation was analysed to evaluate the relationship between the extraction trails and hydrologically sensitive areas. The influence of different factors, including surface water flow concentration, terrain slope and the number of machine passes, on soil disturbance was also evaluated. The second objective was to validate a GIS-based model developed within a research project for planning the main extraction trails before harvesting. The model combines Depth to Water (DTW) maps, which identify areas with high soil moisture and hydrological sensitivity, with operational data collected from the forwarder through a CAN-BUS datalogger following the SAE J1939 standard. The recorded data included travelling speed, instantaneous fuel consumption and engine load. These data were integrated into the GIS model to support pre-harvest planning of extraction trails. Finally, the planned trail network was compared with the trails actually used during harvesting in order to evaluate the accuracy and practical applicability of the model. The results show that...| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118609