This thesis addresses the issue of environmental risk assessment associated with industrial fires, with particular reference to the impacts of effluents generated during fires and firefighting operations. Through the analysis of significant incidents, the main modes of contamination of environmental matrices (air, surface and groundwater, soil) are examined, along with the critical issues that have emerged in managing environmental consequences. The paper then analyzes the relevant national and international regulatory framework, highlighting its main application elements and critical issues. It also delves into the mechanisms of contaminant generation, release, and propagation, with particular attention to effluent characteristics, diffusion routes, and factors that influence the extent of environmental damage. Based on these elements, a methodology for environmental risk assessment is proposed, based on the identification of relevant effluents, the definition of assessment criteria and parameters, and the development of a synthetic index aimed at comparing different incident scenarios. The methodology is then applied to representative case studies to highlight its potential and limitations. Finally, the thesis analyzes the main strategies for preventing and mitigating environmental damage, both in the planning phase and in emergency management, outlining possible future developments for a more systematic and structured approach to assessing the environmental risk associated with industrial fires.
La presente tesi affronta il tema della valutazione del rischio ambientale associato agli incendi industriali, con particolare riferimento agli impatti derivanti dagli effluenti generati durante l'incendio e dalle operazioni di spegnimento. Attraverso l'analisi di eventi incidentali significativi, vengono esaminate le principali modalità di contaminazione delle matrici ambientali (aria, acque superficiali e sotterranee, suolo) e le criticità emerse nella gestione delle conseguenze ambientali. Successivamente, il lavoro analizza il quadro normativo nazionale e internazionale di riferimento, evidenziandone i principali elementi applicativi e le criticità, e approfondisce i meccanismi di generazione, rilascio e propagazione dei contaminanti, con particolare attenzione alle caratteristiche degli effluenti, alle vie di diffusione e ai fattori che influenzano l'entità del danno ambientale. Sulla base di tali elementi, viene proposta una metodologia per la valutazione del rischio ambientale, fondata sull'identificazione degli effluenti rilevanti, sulla definizione di criteri e parametri di valutazione e sull'elaborazione di un indice sintetico finalizzato al confronto tra differenti scenari incidentali. La metodologia viene quindi applicata a casi studio rappresentativi al fine di evidenziarne le potenzialità e i limiti. Infine, la tesi analizza le principali strategie di prevenzione e mitigazione del danno ambientale, sia in fase progettuale sia nella gestione dell'emergenza, delineando possibili sviluppi futuri per un approccio più sistematico e strutturato alla valutazione del rischio ambientale associato agli incendi industriali.
Valutazione del rischio ambientale associato agli incendi industriali: proposta di una metodologia di valutazione
ALBANESI, SAVERIO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis addresses the issue of environmental risk assessment associated with industrial fires, with particular reference to the impacts of effluents generated during fires and firefighting operations. Through the analysis of significant incidents, the main modes of contamination of environmental matrices (air, surface and groundwater, soil) are examined, along with the critical issues that have emerged in managing environmental consequences. The paper then analyzes the relevant national and international regulatory framework, highlighting its main application elements and critical issues. It also delves into the mechanisms of contaminant generation, release, and propagation, with particular attention to effluent characteristics, diffusion routes, and factors that influence the extent of environmental damage. Based on these elements, a methodology for environmental risk assessment is proposed, based on the identification of relevant effluents, the definition of assessment criteria and parameters, and the development of a synthetic index aimed at comparing different incident scenarios. The methodology is then applied to representative case studies to highlight its potential and limitations. Finally, the thesis analyzes the main strategies for preventing and mitigating environmental damage, both in the planning phase and in emergency management, outlining possible future developments for a more systematic and structured approach to assessing the environmental risk associated with industrial fires.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118669