Non-communicable chronic diseases are currently the leading cause of death worldwide, with an increasing prevalence closely linked to sedentary lifestyles. Physical inactivity is recognized as a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory diseases. In this scenario, running stands out as a vigorous, practical, and cost-effective form of physical activity capable of inducing significant systemic physiological adaptations. The aim of this thesis is to analyze, through a narrative literature review, the efficacy and safety of running as a preventive and adapted therapeutic tool for three specific chronic conditions: arterial hypertension, osteoporosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This work is based on a narrative review of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and international guidelines (ESC, ESH, ACSM, WHO) published primarily over the last two decades. The research focused on FITT parameters (frequency, intensity, time, and type) and the physiological adaptations induced by aerobic and impact exercise. The analysis indicates that regular running significantly reduces resting blood pressure, proving particularly effective at moderate intensity in hypertensive subjects. Regarding bone health, running stimulates osteogenesis through dynamic mechanical loading, increasing bone formation markers such as osteocalcin. In COPD patients, although no significant changes in lung function are observed, aerobic training drastically improves exercise tolerance, reduces dyspnea, and enhances quality of life. Running represents an extremely effective non-pharmacological intervention ("exercise is medicine") for managing chronic diseases. However, to maximize benefits and minimize risks - such as potential cardiotoxicity from extreme volumes or musculoskeletal injuries - individualized prescription and supervision by adapted physical activity professionals are essential.
Le malattie croniche non trasmissibili rappresentano oggi la principale causa di morte a livello globale, con una prevalenza in costante aumento legata principalmente a stili di vita sedentari. L'inattività fisica è riconosciuta come uno dei principali fattori di rischio modificabili per lo sviluppo di patologie cardiovascolari, metaboliche e respiratorie. In questo contesto, il running emerge come una forma di attività fisica vigorosa, pratica ed economica, capace di indurre significativi adattamenti fisiologici sistemici. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è analizzare, attraverso una revisione della letteratura scientifica, l'efficacia e la sicurezza del running come strumento preventivo e terapeutico adattato per tre specifiche condizioni croniche: l'ipertensione arteriosa, l'osteoporosi e la broncopneumopatia cronica ostruttiva (BPCO). Il lavoro si basa su una revisione narrativa di studi clinici controllati, metanalisi e linee guida internazionali (ESC, ESH, ACSM, WHO) pubblicate principalmente negli ultimi vent'anni. La ricerca si è focalizzata sui parametri FITT (frequenza, intensità, tempo e tipo) e sugli adattamenti fisiologici indotti dall'esercizio aerobico e di impatto. L'analisi indica che il running regolare riduce significativamente la pressione arteriosa a riposo, dimostrandosi particolarmente efficace a intensità moderata nei soggetti ipertesi. Per quanto riguarda la salute ossea, la corsa stimola l'osteogenesi attraverso carichi meccanici dinamici, aumentando i marker di formazione ossea come l'osteocalcina. Nei pazienti con BPCO, infine, sebbene non si riscontrino cambiamenti significativi nella funzione polmonare, l'allenamento aerobico migliora drasticamente la tolleranza allo sforzo, riduce la dispnea e aumenta la qualità della vita. Il running rappresenta un intervento non farmacologico ben strutturato e sostenibile ("exercise is medicine") per la gestione delle patologie croniche. Tuttavia, per massimizzare i benefici e minimizzare i rischi, come le potenziali cardiotossicità da volumi estremi o infortuni muscolo-scheletrici, è fondamentale una prescrizione individualizzata e supervisionata da professionisti dell'attività motoria adattata.
Il running adattato come intervento preventivo e terapeutico nelle patologie croniche: efficacia e sicurezza nell'ipertensione arteriosa, nell'osteoporosi e nella broncopneumopatia cronica ostruttiva (BPCO).
BISCARO, ANDREA FELICE
2025/2026
Abstract
Non-communicable chronic diseases are currently the leading cause of death worldwide, with an increasing prevalence closely linked to sedentary lifestyles. Physical inactivity is recognized as a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory diseases. In this scenario, running stands out as a vigorous, practical, and cost-effective form of physical activity capable of inducing significant systemic physiological adaptations. The aim of this thesis is to analyze, through a narrative literature review, the efficacy and safety of running as a preventive and adapted therapeutic tool for three specific chronic conditions: arterial hypertension, osteoporosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This work is based on a narrative review of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and international guidelines (ESC, ESH, ACSM, WHO) published primarily over the last two decades. The research focused on FITT parameters (frequency, intensity, time, and type) and the physiological adaptations induced by aerobic and impact exercise. The analysis indicates that regular running significantly reduces resting blood pressure, proving particularly effective at moderate intensity in hypertensive subjects. Regarding bone health, running stimulates osteogenesis through dynamic mechanical loading, increasing bone formation markers such as osteocalcin. In COPD patients, although no significant changes in lung function are observed, aerobic training drastically improves exercise tolerance, reduces dyspnea, and enhances quality of life. Running represents an extremely effective non-pharmacological intervention ("exercise is medicine") for managing chronic diseases. However, to maximize benefits and minimize risks - such as potential cardiotoxicity from extreme volumes or musculoskeletal injuries - individualized prescription and supervision by adapted physical activity professionals are essential.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Biscaro Andrea Felice -Tesi di Laurea STAMPA 2026.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
623.51 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
623.51 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118732