PFAS in Biosolid-Amended Agricultural Soils: Experimental Assessment of Soil-to-Plant Transfer and Preliminary Human Health Risk Assessment

Sewage sludge biosolids represent a significant source of PFAS contamination in agricultural soils, as they are commonly applied as soil amendments. In this study, soil samples spiked with dried biosolids were subjected to a standardized rhizo test (ISO bioassay) to evaluate PFAS transfer from soil to plants. Two agricultural application scenarios were simulated, one compliant with good agronomic practice and one non-compliant, to assess the effect of biosolid dose on contaminant uptake. Analysis of plant tissues allowed the calculation of bioconcentration factors (BCF) and the conduction of a preliminary human health risk assessment.