Why Do Some Countries Perform Better in Horizon Europe Maritime Funding? A Comparative Analysis of Norway, France, and Italy

Horizon Europe is the EU's main programme for research and innovation, aimed at boosting competitiveness and strategic autonomy. The maritime sector is highly transversal within this framework, intersecting multiple clusters and priorities. It is addressed most directly through the. "Waterborne Transport" destination in Cluster 5, combining economic, ecological, and security dimensions. This thesis compares the performance of Norway, Italy, and France in securing Horizon Europe maritime funding. France, despite strong maritime capabilities, captures less funding than expected due to fragmented support systems and limited SME engagement. Norway achieves high success rates relative to its size, while Italy leads in proposals but lags in conversion.Using quantitative data and qualitative analysis of national strategies, support networks, and funding mechanisms, the study identifies key factors shaping outcomes and offers recommendations to improve national performance in a competitive European funding environment.