Background. Intermediate care units (IMCUs) provide a level of care between the general ward and the intensive care unit, but admission criteria remain heterogeneous and unvalidated, and systematic data on the characteristics and outcomes of cardiac patients admitted to these units are limited. Aims. To describe the characteristics of patients with cardiovascular disease admitted to the IMCU of the Emergency Medicine Clinic of Sant’Antonio Hospital, Padua, assessing the appropriateness of the care setting and analysing the impact of the organisational reform following the adoption of the TREND model. Methods. Retrospective, single-centre observational study of patients admitted to the IMCU between May 2025 and April 2026 with at least one cardiovascular diagnosis. Demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory tests, treatments, complications and outcomes were analysed. Appropriateness was assessed from a clinical perspective, based on the admission criteria of the Veneto Region resolution (DGR no. 1710/2022) and of the unit’s organisational model and on instability criteria at admission, and from an operational perspective, based on the actual use of treatments and procedures specific to the intermediate care setting. Outcomes of patients admitted before and after the adoption of the TREND model were compared. Results. Of the 449 patients admitted to the IMCU, 275 (61.2%) had cardiovascular disease. Median age was 80 years, 44.4% were women and 54.9% had an age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 5. The most frequent diagnoses were bradyarrhythmias (29.8%), heart failure (28.0%), acute coronary syndrome (24.7%) and tachyarrhythmias (18.9%). Median length of stay was 7 days, 4.0% of patients were transferred to the intensive care unit and in-hospital mortality was 6.9%. ● Appropriateness: admission was appropriate in 259 patients (94.2%): 169 (61.5%) met the clinical appropriateness criteria, 138 of whom also met the operational criteria, and a further 90 (32.7%) met the operational criteria only; overall, the operational appropriateness criteria were met in 228 patients (82.9%). Organ failure requiring at least one supportive treatment occurred in 83 patients (30.2%), with wide differences across diagnoses: 55.8% in heart failure, 16.2% in acute coronary syndrome and no cases in syncope. ● Before and after TREND (104 vs 171 patients): o mean length of stay decreased from 9.2 to 7.5 days (p = 0.029), and stays longer than 21 days from 7.7% to 1.8% (p = 0.023); o transfers to other wards increased from 19.2% to 35.1% (p = 0.006), particularly to general wards (from 4.8% to 19.9%; p < 0.001); o ICU transfers and mortality did not change. Conclusions. IMCU admission of patients with cardiovascular disease was almost always appropriate, but on different grounds depending on the diagnosis: organ failure in heart failure and pulmonary embolism, and the need for monitoring and diagnostic work-up in acute coronary syndrome and syncope. The adoption of a structured discharge pathway was associated with a reduction in prolonged stays and an increase in transfers to general wards, with no effect on safety. These findings support the adoption of explicit, shared appropriateness criteria and continued monitoring of organisational indicators.
Background. Le unità di terapia semi-intensiva (TSI) rappresentano un livello di cura intermedio tra la degenza ordinaria e la terapia intensiva, ma i criteri di ammissione restano eterogenei e non validati, e i dati sistematici sulla casistica e sugli esiti dei pazienti cardiologici ricoverati in queste unità sono limitati. Obiettivi. Descrivere le caratteristiche dei pazienti con patologia cardiovascolare ricoverati presso la sezione di TSI dell’UOC di Clinica di Medicina d’Urgenza dell’ Ospedale Sant’Antonio di Padova, valutandone l’appropriatezza del setting di cura e analizzando l’impatto della riorganizzazione operativa con l’adozione del modello TREND. Materiali e metodi. Studio osservazionale retrospettivo monocentrico sui pazienti ricoverati in TSI tra maggio 2025 e aprile 2026 con almeno una diagnosi di patologia cardiovascolare. Sono state analizzate caratteristiche demografiche e cliniche, comorbidità, esami di laboratorio, trattamenti, complicanze ed esiti. L’appropriatezza è stata valutata dal punto di vista clinico basandosi sui criteri di ammissione della DGR Veneto n. 1710/2022 e del modello organizzativo del reparto e su criteri di instabilità all’ingresso, e dal punto di vista operativo, basata sull’effettivo ricorso a trattamenti e procedure propri del setting semi-intensivo. Gli esiti dei pazienti ricoverati prima e dopo l’adozione del modello TREND sono stati confrontati. Risultati. Dei 449 pazienti ricoverati in TSI, 275 (61,2%) presentavano una patologia cardiovascolare. L’età mediana era di 80 anni, il 44,4% erano donne e il 54,9% aveva un indice di Charlson corretto per età ≥ 5. Le diagnosi più frequenti erano bradiaritmie (29,8%), scompenso cardiaco (28,0%), sindrome coronarica acuta (24,7%) e tachiaritmie (18,9%). La degenza mediana è stata di 7 giorni, il 4,0% dei pazienti è stato trasferito in terapia intensiva e la mortalità ospedaliera è stata del 6,9%. ● Appropriatezza: il ricovero è risultato appropriato in 259 pazienti (94,2%): 169 (61,5%) soddisfacevano i criteri di appropriatezza clinica, 138 dei quali anche quelli operativi, e altri 90 (32,7%) solo i criteri operativi; complessivamente, i criteri di appropriatezza operativa erano soddisfatti in 228 pazienti (82,9%). Un’insufficienza d’organo che ha richiesto almeno un trattamento di supporto si è verificata in 83 pazienti (30,2%), con ampie differenze tra le diagnosi: 55,8% nello scompenso cardiaco, 16,2% nella sindrome coronarica acuta, nessun caso nella sincope. ● Prima e dopo il TREND (104 contro 171 pazienti): o la degenza media si è ridotta da 9,2 a 7,5 giorni (p = 0,029) e le degenze superiori a 21 giorni dal 7,7% all’1,8% (p = 0,023); o i trasferimenti in altro reparto sono aumentati dal 19,2% al 35,1% (p = 0,006), in particolare verso la degenza ordinaria (dal 4,8% al 19,9%; p < 0,001); o trasferimenti in terapia intensiva e mortalità non sono cambiati. Conclusioni. Il ricovero in TSI dei pazienti con patologia cardiovascolare è risultato quasi sempre appropriato, ma con basi diverse a seconda della diagnosi: l’insufficienza d’organo nello scompenso cardiaco e nell’embolia polmonare, la tipologia di monitoraggio e di accertamenti nella sindrome coronarica acuta e nella sincope. L’adozione di un percorso di uscita strutturato si è associata a una riduzione delle degenze prolungate e a un aumento dei trasferimenti in degenza ordinaria, senza effetti sulla sicurezza. Questi risultati sostengono l’adozione di criteri di appropriatezza espliciti e condivisi e la prosecuzione del monitoraggio degli indicatori organizzativi.
Gestione del paziente con patologie cardiovascolari in terapia semintensiva: appropriatezza del setting e impatto della riorganizzazione operativa del reparto. Studio osservazionale presso la Medicina d'Urgenza dell'Ospedale Sant'Antonio di Padova.
TESTASECCA, MATTEO
2024/2025
Abstract
Background. Intermediate care units (IMCUs) provide a level of care between the general ward and the intensive care unit, but admission criteria remain heterogeneous and unvalidated, and systematic data on the characteristics and outcomes of cardiac patients admitted to these units are limited. Aims. To describe the characteristics of patients with cardiovascular disease admitted to the IMCU of the Emergency Medicine Clinic of Sant’Antonio Hospital, Padua, assessing the appropriateness of the care setting and analysing the impact of the organisational reform following the adoption of the TREND model. Methods. Retrospective, single-centre observational study of patients admitted to the IMCU between May 2025 and April 2026 with at least one cardiovascular diagnosis. Demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory tests, treatments, complications and outcomes were analysed. Appropriateness was assessed from a clinical perspective, based on the admission criteria of the Veneto Region resolution (DGR no. 1710/2022) and of the unit’s organisational model and on instability criteria at admission, and from an operational perspective, based on the actual use of treatments and procedures specific to the intermediate care setting. Outcomes of patients admitted before and after the adoption of the TREND model were compared. Results. Of the 449 patients admitted to the IMCU, 275 (61.2%) had cardiovascular disease. Median age was 80 years, 44.4% were women and 54.9% had an age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 5. The most frequent diagnoses were bradyarrhythmias (29.8%), heart failure (28.0%), acute coronary syndrome (24.7%) and tachyarrhythmias (18.9%). Median length of stay was 7 days, 4.0% of patients were transferred to the intensive care unit and in-hospital mortality was 6.9%. ● Appropriateness: admission was appropriate in 259 patients (94.2%): 169 (61.5%) met the clinical appropriateness criteria, 138 of whom also met the operational criteria, and a further 90 (32.7%) met the operational criteria only; overall, the operational appropriateness criteria were met in 228 patients (82.9%). Organ failure requiring at least one supportive treatment occurred in 83 patients (30.2%), with wide differences across diagnoses: 55.8% in heart failure, 16.2% in acute coronary syndrome and no cases in syncope. ● Before and after TREND (104 vs 171 patients): o mean length of stay decreased from 9.2 to 7.5 days (p = 0.029), and stays longer than 21 days from 7.7% to 1.8% (p = 0.023); o transfers to other wards increased from 19.2% to 35.1% (p = 0.006), particularly to general wards (from 4.8% to 19.9%; p < 0.001); o ICU transfers and mortality did not change. Conclusions. IMCU admission of patients with cardiovascular disease was almost always appropriate, but on different grounds depending on the diagnosis: organ failure in heart failure and pulmonary embolism, and the need for monitoring and diagnostic work-up in acute coronary syndrome and syncope. The adoption of a structured discharge pathway was associated with a reduction in prolonged stays and an increase in transfers to general wards, with no effect on safety. These findings support the adoption of explicit, shared appropriateness criteria and continued monitoring of organisational indicators.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Testasecca_Matteo.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
9 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
9 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/119683