BACKGROUND Inclusion aims to capture, accept and enhance the differences as a resource and opportunity for growth of a group to which all belong and in which all participate by expressing their abilities and potential. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of the study is to understand if, using an inclusive teaching including the methodologies provided by the literature (peer-tutoring, cooperative learning, co-teaching and the principles of Universal Design for Learning), it is possible to improve the interactions and the relational dynamics of group-class. METHODS The research was conducted in a third class of a Scientific High School composed of 27 students. To understand if the relational dynamics had undergone changes, we used the Moreno Sociogram that was administered pre-intervention and post-intervention. Also, it was used a logbook including observations related to the attitudes and interactions between peers barring or facilitating and a self-assessment questionnaire provided in the middle of the investigation and at the end. RESULTS The results of the Sociograms exibited some changes regarding the relational dynamics within the class group, showing the decrease in the number of groups compared to preintervention and the presence of new interactions by isolated students. In addition, there was an improvement in the quality of the interactions observed during the study wrote in the logbook. Finally, the self-assessment questionnaire showing an increase in commitment, participation and collaboration between peers and students with teachers at the end of the course. CONCLUSIONS The literature is rich of studies about the inclusion of students with physical disabilities, intellectuals or BES who undertake an inclusion path with peers of their class. Many of them report positive results on their inclusiveness and the benefits enjoyed by peers without disabilities. These include an increase in positive interactions, participation, and social skills that foster relationships with peers. The study conducted in a group-class including students with any type of disability showed how an UdA for inclusive purposes still brings benefits in terms of quality of interactions, collaboration, participation and commitment in these activities, pointing out that an influence on the dynamics of relationships is possible. It should be noted, however, that further studies, involving a control group, would be necessary to verify the causality of the intervention and to involving the study group for a longer duration of the intervention, In this way, it can bring about changes that can be defined as consolidated.
BACKGROUND L’inclusione si propone di cogliere, accettare e rendere le diversità come risorsa e opportunità di crescita di un gruppo a cui tutti appartengono e in cui tutti partecipano esprimendo le proprie capacità e potenzialità. SCOPO DELLO STUDIO Lo scopo dello studio è comprendere se attraverso l’utilizzo di una didattica inclusiva comprensiva delle metodologie forniteci dalla letteratura (peer-tutoring, cooperative learning, co-teaching e i principi dello Universal Design for Learning) sia possibile migliorare le interazioni e le dinamiche relazionali di un gruppo-classe. MATERIALI E METODI La ricerca è stata condotta in una classe terza di un Liceo Scientifico composta di 27 studenti. Per comprendere se le dinamiche relazionali avessero subito delle modifiche, ci siamo avvalsi dell’utilizzo del Sociogramma di Moreno che è stato somministrato pre-intervento e post-intervento. Non solo, è stato utilizzato anche un diario di bordo comprensivo delle osservazioni riferite agli atteggiamenti e alle interazioni barrieranti o facilitanti tra pari e un questionario di autovalutazione somministrato a metà del percorso e al termine. RISULTATI I risultati dei Sociogrammi riportano dei cambiamenti per quanto riguarda le dinamiche relazionali all’interno del gruppo classe mostrando la diminuzione del numero di gruppi rispetto al pre-intervento e la presenza di nuove interazioni da parte degli studenti isolati. A ciò, si aggiunge un miglioramento della qualità delle interazioni osservate durante il percorso e riportate sul diario di bordo. Infine, il questionario autovalutativo ha riportato un aumento dell’impegno, della partecipazione, della collaborazione tra pari e degli studenti con gli insegnanti al termine del percorso. CONCLUSIONI La letteratura è ricca di studi sull’inclusione di studenti con disabilità fisica, intellettiva o con BES che intraprendono un percorso di inclusione insieme ai pari della classe di appartenenza. Molti di questi riportano risultati positivi sull’inclusività degli stessi e sui benefici di cui godono anche i pari senza disabilità. Tra questi vi sono un aumento delle interazioni positive, della partecipazione e delle abilità sociali che favoriscono le relazioni tra pari. Lo studio condotto in un gruppo-classe in cui non vi era la presenza di studenti con alcun tipo di disabilità ha mostrato come un’UdA a scopo inclusivo porti comunque benefici in termini di qualità delle interazioni, della collaborazione, della partecipazione e dell’impegno profuso in tali attività evidenziando che un’influenza sulle dinamiche relazionali è possibile. Si sottolinea però, che sarebbero necessari ulteriori studi che prevedano un gruppo di controllo per verificare la causalità dell’intervento e che coinvolgano il gruppo di studio per una durata maggiore di intervento, potendo così determinare dei cambiamenti che possano definirsi consolidati.
Una didattica inclusiva per migliorare le dinamiche relazionali. Esiti dell'implementazione di un'unità di apprendimento in educazione fisica in una classe terza di un Liceo Scientifico
MALIN, MARTINA
2021/2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inclusion aims to capture, accept and enhance the differences as a resource and opportunity for growth of a group to which all belong and in which all participate by expressing their abilities and potential. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of the study is to understand if, using an inclusive teaching including the methodologies provided by the literature (peer-tutoring, cooperative learning, co-teaching and the principles of Universal Design for Learning), it is possible to improve the interactions and the relational dynamics of group-class. METHODS The research was conducted in a third class of a Scientific High School composed of 27 students. To understand if the relational dynamics had undergone changes, we used the Moreno Sociogram that was administered pre-intervention and post-intervention. Also, it was used a logbook including observations related to the attitudes and interactions between peers barring or facilitating and a self-assessment questionnaire provided in the middle of the investigation and at the end. RESULTS The results of the Sociograms exibited some changes regarding the relational dynamics within the class group, showing the decrease in the number of groups compared to preintervention and the presence of new interactions by isolated students. In addition, there was an improvement in the quality of the interactions observed during the study wrote in the logbook. Finally, the self-assessment questionnaire showing an increase in commitment, participation and collaboration between peers and students with teachers at the end of the course. CONCLUSIONS The literature is rich of studies about the inclusion of students with physical disabilities, intellectuals or BES who undertake an inclusion path with peers of their class. Many of them report positive results on their inclusiveness and the benefits enjoyed by peers without disabilities. These include an increase in positive interactions, participation, and social skills that foster relationships with peers. The study conducted in a group-class including students with any type of disability showed how an UdA for inclusive purposes still brings benefits in terms of quality of interactions, collaboration, participation and commitment in these activities, pointing out that an influence on the dynamics of relationships is possible. It should be noted, however, that further studies, involving a control group, would be necessary to verify the causality of the intervention and to involving the study group for a longer duration of the intervention, In this way, it can bring about changes that can be defined as consolidated.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/11984