Background: Children in low- and middle-income countries bear a large share of the global surgical burden, yet facility-level data from remote rural hospitals are scarce. This study describes pediatric surgical activity at St. Kizito Hospital, Matany (SKHM), a rural not-for-profit referral hospital in Karamoja, the poorest region of Uganda, and compares routine activity with a free-of-charge pediatric surgical camp held during the study period. Methods: Single-center, retrospective, descriptive study of all patients aged <18 years who underwent surgery between January and April 2026. Data on demographics, district of origin, referral, diagnosis, NCEPOD urgency category, anesthesia, perioperative treatments, length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital outcome were extracted from electronic medical records. Determinants of LOS were assessed with multiple linear regression on log-transformed LOS. Results: A total of 264 children underwent surgery (190 during routine activity and 74 during the camp); pediatric procedures accounted for 45.9% of all general surgery procedures. Mean age was 6.4 years and 63.6% of patients were male. Routine activity was dominated by acute presentations, with 62.1% of procedures classified as urgent or immediate, whereas 82.4% of camp procedures were elective and 85.1% of camp patients had congenital conditions, mainly genitourinary. Camp patients came from farther away (mean estimated travel time 1 h 18 min vs 49 min). Antibiotics were given to 72.7% of patients, always as therapeutic or postoperative courses, with no documented single-dose prophylaxis. Median LOS was 6 days (IQR 9). Urgent and immediate procedures and general anesthesia (+72%) were independent predictors of longer LOS, while the shorter LOS observed in the camp did not persist after adjustment. In-hospital mortality was 1.9% (five deaths); four deaths followed urgent procedures for acquired conditions, three of them due to sepsis. Conclusions: Children account for nearly half of the surgical workload at this rural hospital. Routine services mainly absorb emergencies, while a short free-of-charge camp brought to light a backlog of elective congenital conditions from a wider catchment area, suggesting that financial and geographical barriers, not only disease, shape the pediatric surgical burden. Strengthening routine pediatric surgical capacity, integrating targeted elective initiatives with continuous care, and improving antimicrobial stewardship should be priorities.
Introduzione: I bambini dei paesi a basso e medio reddito sopportano una quota rilevante del carico chirurgico globale, ma i dati provenienti da ospedali rurali periferici sono scarsi. Lo studio descrive l'attività chirurgica pediatrica del St. Kizito Hospital di Matany (SKHM), ospedale rurale non-profit di riferimento per il Karamoja, la regione più povera dell'Uganda, e confronta l'attività ordinaria con un surgical camp pediatrico gratuito svoltosi nello stesso periodo. Materiali e metodi: Studio monocentrico, retrospettivo e descrittivo su tutti i pazienti di età inferiore a 18 anni sottoposti a intervento chirurgico tra gennaio e aprile 2026. Dalle cartelle cliniche elettroniche sono stati raccolti dati demografici, distretto di provenienza, trasferimento da altre strutture, diagnosi, classe di urgenza NCEPOD, tipo di anestesia, terapie perioperatorie, durata della degenza ed esito alla dimissione I determinanti della degenza sono stati analizzati con un modello di regressione lineare multipla sul logaritmo della durata del ricovero. Risultati: Sono stati operati 264 bambini (190 in attività ordinaria e 74 durante il camp); le procedure pediatriche hanno rappresentato il 45,9% dell'intera attività di chirurgia generale. L'età media era di 6,4 anni e il 63,6% dei pazienti era di sesso maschile. L'attività ordinaria era dominata dalle urgenze, con il 62,1% delle procedure classificate come urgenti o immediate; nel camp, invece, l'82,4% delle procedure era elettivo e l'85,1% dei pazienti presentava patologie congenite, soprattutto genitourinarie. I pazienti del camp provenivano da zone più lontane (tempo di viaggio medio stimato 1 h 18 min contro 49 min). Il 72,7% dei pazienti ha ricevuto antibiotici, sempre come cicli terapeutici o postoperatori e senza profilassi a dose singola documentata. La degenza mediana è stata di 6 giorni (IQR 9). Gli interventi urgenti e immediati e l'anestesia generale (+72%) sono risultati predittori indipendenti di una degenza più lunga, mentre la degenza più breve osservata nel camp non si è mantenuta dopo l'aggiustamento. La mortalità intraospedaliera è stata dell'1,9% (5 decessi); quattro decessi sono avvenuti dopo interventi urgenti per patologie acquisite, in tre casi per sepsi. Conclusioni: In questo ospedale rurale i bambini rappresentano quasi la metà del carico chirurgico. L'attività ordinaria assorbe soprattutto le urgenze, mentre un breve camp gratuito ha fatto emergere, da un bacino più ampio, un arretrato di patologie congenite, suggerendo che le barriere economiche e geografiche, oltre alla patologia, condizionino il carico chirurgico pediatrico. Rafforzare la capacità chirurgica pediatrica ordinaria, integrare le iniziative elettive con l'assistenza continuativa e migliorare la stewardship antibiotica dovrebbero essere priorità.
Pediatric surgical diseases in a rural hospital in Karamoja, Uganda: a retrospective analysis from Matany Hospital
BERTOLINO, ALESSIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Children in low- and middle-income countries bear a large share of the global surgical burden, yet facility-level data from remote rural hospitals are scarce. This study describes pediatric surgical activity at St. Kizito Hospital, Matany (SKHM), a rural not-for-profit referral hospital in Karamoja, the poorest region of Uganda, and compares routine activity with a free-of-charge pediatric surgical camp held during the study period. Methods: Single-center, retrospective, descriptive study of all patients aged <18 years who underwent surgery between January and April 2026. Data on demographics, district of origin, referral, diagnosis, NCEPOD urgency category, anesthesia, perioperative treatments, length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital outcome were extracted from electronic medical records. Determinants of LOS were assessed with multiple linear regression on log-transformed LOS. Results: A total of 264 children underwent surgery (190 during routine activity and 74 during the camp); pediatric procedures accounted for 45.9% of all general surgery procedures. Mean age was 6.4 years and 63.6% of patients were male. Routine activity was dominated by acute presentations, with 62.1% of procedures classified as urgent or immediate, whereas 82.4% of camp procedures were elective and 85.1% of camp patients had congenital conditions, mainly genitourinary. Camp patients came from farther away (mean estimated travel time 1 h 18 min vs 49 min). Antibiotics were given to 72.7% of patients, always as therapeutic or postoperative courses, with no documented single-dose prophylaxis. Median LOS was 6 days (IQR 9). Urgent and immediate procedures and general anesthesia (+72%) were independent predictors of longer LOS, while the shorter LOS observed in the camp did not persist after adjustment. In-hospital mortality was 1.9% (five deaths); four deaths followed urgent procedures for acquired conditions, three of them due to sepsis. Conclusions: Children account for nearly half of the surgical workload at this rural hospital. Routine services mainly absorb emergencies, while a short free-of-charge camp brought to light a backlog of elective congenital conditions from a wider catchment area, suggesting that financial and geographical barriers, not only disease, shape the pediatric surgical burden. Strengthening routine pediatric surgical capacity, integrating targeted elective initiatives with continuous care, and improving antimicrobial stewardship should be priorities.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/119978