Congenital lung malformations (CLM) are often asymptomatic, but some forms, particularly congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), may undergo malignant transformation, the true risk of which is unknown; in the absence of reliable biomarkers, the choice between prophylactic resection and surveillance remains controversial. This study used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to search for variants associated with oncological risk in 28 pediatric patients who underwent surgery for CLM at the Regina Margherita Children's Hospital in Turin between 2017 and 2026. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical tissue was analyzed with a 517-gene panel in 27 patients, whereas the patient with type 1 pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) underwent targeted analysis of DICER1. In the patients analyzed with the panel, no matched control sample was available, so the origin of each variant was inferred from the variant allele frequency. Variants were found in 6 patients (21.4%), all of whom had a CPAM component (6 of 17 such lesions), and in none of the bronchopulmonary sequestrations. Two type 1 CPAMs harbored the KRAS p.G12D variant, consistent with a mosaic somatic origin; variants in BRAF, VHL and BRCA1 were consistent with a germline origin, and a germline DICER1 variant was confirmed in the PPB. These alterations cannot be detected by clinical or radiological assessment and are consistent with the indication for complete resection. The findings are limited by the single-center design, the lack of oncological follow-up and the pending confirmation of variant origin on peripheral blood.
Le malformazioni polmonari congenite (CLM) sono spesso asintomatiche, ma alcune forme, in particolare la malformazione congenita delle vie aeree polmonari (CPAM), possono andare incontro a trasformazione maligna con un rischio reale non noto; in assenza di biomarcatori affidabili, la scelta tra resezione profilattica e sorveglianza resta controversa. Questo studio ha impiegato il sequenziamento di nuova generazione (NGS) per ricercare varianti associate al rischio oncologico in 28 pazienti pediatrici operati per CLM presso l'Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita di Torino tra il 2017 e il 2026. Il DNA, estratto da tessuto operatorio fissato in formalina e incluso in paraffina, è stato analizzato con un pannello di 517 geni in 27 pazienti, mentre nel paziente con pleuropneumoblastoma (PPB) di tipo 1 è stata eseguita un'analisi mirata di DICER1. Nei pazienti analizzati con il pannello, in assenza di un campione di confronto, l'origine delle varianti è stata dedotta dalla frequenza allelica. Sono state identificate varianti in 6 pazienti (21,4%), tutti con componente CPAM (6 lesioni su 17), e in nessun sequestro broncopolmonare. Due CPAM di tipo 1 presentavano KRAS p.G12D, compatibile con origine somatica a mosaico; varianti di BRAF, VHL e BRCA1 sono risultate compatibili con origine germinale e nel PPB è stata accertata una variante germinale di DICER1. Tali alterazioni non sono riconoscibili con gli strumenti clinici e radiologici e sono coerenti con l'indicazione alla resezione completa, pur con i limiti di una casistica monocentrica, priva di follow-up oncologico e da confermare su sangue periferico.
Sequenziamento genetico di nuova generazione: ricerca di varianti associate al rischio oncologico nelle malformazioni polmonari congenite
MARCHETTO, CHIARA
2024/2025
Abstract
Congenital lung malformations (CLM) are often asymptomatic, but some forms, particularly congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), may undergo malignant transformation, the true risk of which is unknown; in the absence of reliable biomarkers, the choice between prophylactic resection and surveillance remains controversial. This study used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to search for variants associated with oncological risk in 28 pediatric patients who underwent surgery for CLM at the Regina Margherita Children's Hospital in Turin between 2017 and 2026. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical tissue was analyzed with a 517-gene panel in 27 patients, whereas the patient with type 1 pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) underwent targeted analysis of DICER1. In the patients analyzed with the panel, no matched control sample was available, so the origin of each variant was inferred from the variant allele frequency. Variants were found in 6 patients (21.4%), all of whom had a CPAM component (6 of 17 such lesions), and in none of the bronchopulmonary sequestrations. Two type 1 CPAMs harbored the KRAS p.G12D variant, consistent with a mosaic somatic origin; variants in BRAF, VHL and BRCA1 were consistent with a germline origin, and a germline DICER1 variant was confirmed in the PPB. These alterations cannot be detected by clinical or radiological assessment and are consistent with the indication for complete resection. The findings are limited by the single-center design, the lack of oncological follow-up and the pending confirmation of variant origin on peripheral blood.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/119982