The present study focuses Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) disorder, described as a pathological obsession with a diet considered by the person as "pure" and "healthy". This disorder, to date, has found much interest, as, in today's society, a change regarding beliefs and attitudes towards nutrition is taking place. In fact, one of the growing behaviors is clean-eating, meaning eating only healthy foods. Despite the many positive aspects associated with following a healthy diet, thoughts and concerns about healthy eating, together with certain psychological traits, may intensify, increasing a person's vulnerability to develop ON. Thus, an initial objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of ON and possible psychological traits associated with it. Demographic questionnaires were carried out, investigating whether people also played sports and used Istagram and several tests including, ORTO-15, the OCI-R, TEIQue-SF, DASS-21 and some EDI-3 scales The research involved a total of 300 participants, 73% of whom were athletes, and the results showed an 80% prevalence of ON within the sample. Next, participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 (people with ON) and Group e (people without ON). Statistical analyses revealed higher mean scores in Group 1 on the OCI-R, the DASS-21, the EDI-3 general score, and associated scales, whereas a higher mean score emerged in Group 2 for the TEIQue-SF test and Instagram use. In addition, inferential statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups for the OCI-R, for the scales of the DASS-21, for the overall EDI-3 score and for some associated scales, including DT and LSE. The second part of the study, focuses on sports settings, since, in the literature, several studies identify the population of athletes at risk of developing ON. In fact, following a healthy diet represents a common behavior in sports, since it is considered as a predictive factor associated with obtaining good results in performance and prevention of injuries and diseases. Athletes may exhibit a tendency to control their diet by submitting to rigid and restrictive eating habits, sometimes without expert consultation, increasing their vulnerability to developing ON disorder. In addition, a diet incomplete in macronutrients and micronutrients could increase the risk of injury. So, a second hypothesis was formulated predicting a higher rate of injury in persons with ON who participate in sports at a competitive level, compared with competitive athletes who do not meet the criteria for this diagnosis. The results observed support the hypothesis of the present study, in fact, the mean injury score reported by agonists with potential ON (79 in the sample) was higher than that of agonists without ON (19) and the difference observed between the two groups was statistically significant. In conclusion, the present study puts the spotlight on ON and, in particular, on the psychological traits that might belong to orthorexia sympthomathologycal picture. In addition, it oriented the focus on aspects characterizing today's society that could create a favorable background for the development of this disorder. Finally, the high percentage of athletes within the sample has allowed to observe a possible tendency of this population to implement restrictive eating behaviors associated with a strong control over nutrition, increasing the vulnerability to develop ON and to contract injuries.
Il presente studio si è concentrato sul Disturbo dell’Ortoressia Nervosa (ON) descritta come un’ossessione patologica per un’alimentazione considerata dalla persona “pura” e “sana”. Tale disturbo ha riscontrato molto interesse, in quanto, nella società odierna, si sta verificando un cambiamento riguardo le credenze e gli atteggiamenti nei confronti dell’alimentazione. Infatti, un comportamento in continua crescita consiste nell’attuare condotte alimentari basate sul “clean-eating”, inteso come un’alimentazione che include esclusivamente cibi sani. I pensieri e le preoccupazioni legate ad un’alimentazione sana, in comorbilità con determinati tratti psicologici, potrebbero intensificarsi, incrementando la vulnerabilità di una persona di sviluppare l’ON. Dunque, un primo obiettivo di questo studio è stato indagare la prevalenza dell’ON e i possibili tratti psicologici associati ad essa. È stata elaborata una batteria di questionari composta da una scheda anagrafica in cui si indagava anche se le persone praticassero sport e l’utilizzo di Istagram e da diversi test tra cui, ORTO-15, l’OCI-R, TEIQue-SF, DASS-21 e da alcune scale dell’EDI-3. La ricerca ha coinvolto un totale di 300 partecipanti, di cui il 73% sportivi, e i risultati hanno mostrato una prevalenza dell’80% dell’ON all’interno del campione. In seguito, i partecipanti sono stati divisi in due gruppi: Gruppo 1 (persone con ON) e Gruppo e (persone senza ON). Dalle analisi statistiche sono emersi punteggi medi maggiori nel Gruppo 1 nell’OCI-R, nel DASS-21, nel punteggio generale dell’EDI-3 e nelle scale associate ad esso, mentre per il test TEIQue-SF e l’utilizzo di Instagram è emerso un punteggio medio maggiore nel Gruppo 2. Inoltre, l’analisi statistica inferenziale ha mostrato una differenza statisticamente significativa tra i due gruppi per l’OCI-R, per le scale del DASS-21, per il punteggio generale dell’EDI-3 e per alcune sue scale, tra cui DT e LSE. La seconda parte dello studio, si è concentrata sui setting sportivi, poiché, in letteratura, numerosi studi identificano la popolazione degli atleti a rischio di sviluppare l’ON. Infatti, seguire una dieta salutare rappresenta un comportamento comune in ambito sportivo, poiché considerata come un fattore predittivo associato all’ottenere buoni risultati nelle performance e alla prevenzione di infortuni e malattie. Gli atleti potrebbero manifestare la tendenza a controllare la loro dieta sottoponendosi a rigide e restrittive abitudini alimentari, talvolta senza il consulto di esperti, aumentando la vulnerabilità a sviluppare il disturbo dell’ON. Inoltre, una dieta incompleta di macronutrienti e micronutrienti potrebbe aumentare il rischio di contrarre infortuni. Dunque, è stata formulata una seconda ipotesi che prevede un maggiore tasso di infortuni in persone con ON che praticano sport a livello agonistico, rispetto agli agonisti che non soddisfano i criteri per tale diagnosi. I risultati osservati sostengono l’ipotesi del presente studio, infatti, il punteggio medio di infortuni riportato dagli agonisti con potenziale ON (79 nel campione) è risultato maggiore di quello degli agonisti senza ON (19) e la differenza osservata tra i due gruppi è risultata statisticamente significativa. In conclusione, il presente studio ha posto una lente di ingrandimento sull’ON e, in particolare, sui tratti psicologici che potrebbero appartenere al quadro sintomatologico ortoressico. In aggiunta, ha orientato il focus sugli aspetti caratterizzanti la società odierna che potrebbero creare un background favorevole allo sviluppo di tale disturbo. Infine, l’alta percentuale di sportivi all’interno del campione ha permesso di osservare una possibile tendenza di tale popolazione a mettere in atto condotte alimentari restrittive associate ad un forte controllo sull’alimentazione, incrementando la vulnerabilità di sviluppare l’ON e di contrarre infortuni.
Disturbo dell’Ortoressia Nervosa: uno studio sulla possibile relazione con gli infortuni in setting sportivi
MOLGORA, MANUELA
2021/2022
Abstract
The present study focuses Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) disorder, described as a pathological obsession with a diet considered by the person as "pure" and "healthy". This disorder, to date, has found much interest, as, in today's society, a change regarding beliefs and attitudes towards nutrition is taking place. In fact, one of the growing behaviors is clean-eating, meaning eating only healthy foods. Despite the many positive aspects associated with following a healthy diet, thoughts and concerns about healthy eating, together with certain psychological traits, may intensify, increasing a person's vulnerability to develop ON. Thus, an initial objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of ON and possible psychological traits associated with it. Demographic questionnaires were carried out, investigating whether people also played sports and used Istagram and several tests including, ORTO-15, the OCI-R, TEIQue-SF, DASS-21 and some EDI-3 scales The research involved a total of 300 participants, 73% of whom were athletes, and the results showed an 80% prevalence of ON within the sample. Next, participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 (people with ON) and Group e (people without ON). Statistical analyses revealed higher mean scores in Group 1 on the OCI-R, the DASS-21, the EDI-3 general score, and associated scales, whereas a higher mean score emerged in Group 2 for the TEIQue-SF test and Instagram use. In addition, inferential statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups for the OCI-R, for the scales of the DASS-21, for the overall EDI-3 score and for some associated scales, including DT and LSE. The second part of the study, focuses on sports settings, since, in the literature, several studies identify the population of athletes at risk of developing ON. In fact, following a healthy diet represents a common behavior in sports, since it is considered as a predictive factor associated with obtaining good results in performance and prevention of injuries and diseases. Athletes may exhibit a tendency to control their diet by submitting to rigid and restrictive eating habits, sometimes without expert consultation, increasing their vulnerability to developing ON disorder. In addition, a diet incomplete in macronutrients and micronutrients could increase the risk of injury. So, a second hypothesis was formulated predicting a higher rate of injury in persons with ON who participate in sports at a competitive level, compared with competitive athletes who do not meet the criteria for this diagnosis. The results observed support the hypothesis of the present study, in fact, the mean injury score reported by agonists with potential ON (79 in the sample) was higher than that of agonists without ON (19) and the difference observed between the two groups was statistically significant. In conclusion, the present study puts the spotlight on ON and, in particular, on the psychological traits that might belong to orthorexia sympthomathologycal picture. In addition, it oriented the focus on aspects characterizing today's society that could create a favorable background for the development of this disorder. Finally, the high percentage of athletes within the sample has allowed to observe a possible tendency of this population to implement restrictive eating behaviors associated with a strong control over nutrition, increasing the vulnerability to develop ON and to contract injuries.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/28966