The accumulation of polluting materials on air insulated high voltage devices (AIS) is an inevitable process that leads to a reduction in the overall sealing of the affected insulation over time. To face this problem, the normative (IEC 60815) indicates a sizing of the insulators to maximize creepage distance depending on the level of pollution assumed. In addition, it is necessary that the installers, in order to restore the insulation state, carry out regular scheduled maintenance. Although it has been studied for decades, the current state of the art is for the most part limited to line insulators only, such as the cap and pin, with few references to post-insulators. The contemporaneity of factors such as the reduction of costs and dimensions of hardware components in favor of their computational performance, as well as the development of new data analysis techniques, has allowed an ever increasing improvement of real-time monitoring methods. Utilities in the energy sector, to meet the insistent demand for an increase in the quality of service QoS, they started to install remote monitoring systems for the electricity grid with the aim of integrating them into more complex Asset Performance Management mechanisms. The purpose of this thesis work is to deepen the behavior of the post-insulators of the pollution to define a real-time monitoring device that can be marketed and installed on high voltage disconnectors. Choosing the leakage current as the most representative parameter of the state of an insulator, is started by analyzing some salt-fog tests performed on post-insulator in the laboratory, then defined a possible algorithm, which, with opportune customization, was implemented on a sensor developed in General Electric. By integrating the results obtained with those already present in the literature it is shown that, in order to obtain a good characterization of an insulator it is necessary to study it individually. However, through mathematical models it is anyway possible to obtain a first approximation of the trend of the leakage current depending on the level of pollution in order to predict the behavior of the insulator over time and intervene only when really necessary. Further tests and a pilot installation were then carried out on an AIS disconnector in the substation of E-distribuzione near Vigevano (PV) to verify the prototype developed and define a possible product standard. The thesis work concludes with the design and implementation of a measurement cabinet that will be installed on a HV disconnector of the power plant Andrea Palladio, near Fusina (VE). It has the dual objective of testing the developed devices directly on field and to collect a local and remote dataset for at least one year. These data will allow to validate the developed pollution prediction algorithms and can be used for further future studies on the subject.
L’accumulo di materiali inquinanti sui dispositivi di alta tensione isolati in aria (AIS) è un processo inevitabile che porta a ridurre nel tempo la tenuta complessiva dell’isolamento interessato. Per far fronte a questa problematica la normativa (IEC 60815) indica un dimensionamento degli isolatori atto a massimizzare la creepage distance a seconda del livello di inquinamento presunto. Inoltre è necessario che gli installatori, al fine di ripristinare l’isolamento, effettuino regolare manutenzione programmata. Sebbene sia studiato oramai da decenni, l’attuale stato dell’arte è per la maggior parte limitato ai soli isolatori di linea, come i cappa e perno, con pochi riferimenti a quelli portanti di stazione. La contemporaneità di fattori come la riduzione dei costi e delle dimensioni delle componentistiche hardware in favore delle loro prestazioni computazionali, oltre che lo sviluppo di nuove tecniche di analisi dati, hanno permesso un miglioramento sempre crescente delle procedure di monitoraggio in tempo reale. Le utilities del settore energetico, per far fronte all’insistente richiesta di incremento della qualità del servizio QoS hanno iniziato ad installare sistemi di monitoraggio remoto della rete elettrica con l’obiettivo di integrarli in più complessi meccanismi di Asset Performance Management. Lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è di approfondire il comportamento degli isolatori portanti di stazione alla polluzione per arrivare a definire un dispositivo di monitoraggio real-time commercializzabile e installabile su sezionatori di alta tensione. Scelta la corrente di fuga superficiale come parametro più rappresentativo dello stato di un isolatore, si è iniziato analizzando alcuni test di nebbia salina effettuati su dei post-insulator in laboratorio, quindi definito un possibile algoritmo, che, con opportune personalizzazioni, è stato implementato su un sensore sviluppato in General Electric. Integrando i risultati ottenuti con quelli già presenti in letteratura si dimostra come, per ottenere una buona caratterizzazione di un isolatore, sia necessario studiarlo singolarmente. Tuttavia, tramite modelli matematici è comunque possibile ottenere una prima approssimazione dell’andamento della corrente di fuga a seconda del livello di polluzione così da prevedere il comportamento dell’isolatore nel tempo ed intervenire solo quando realmente necessario. Si sono quindi svolti ulteriori test e un’installazione pilota su un sezionatore AIS nella sottostazione di E-distribuzione presso Vigevano (PV) per verificare il prototipo sviluppato ed arrivare a definire un eventuale standard di prodotto. Il lavoro di tesi si conclude con la progettazione e realizzazione di un armadio di misura che verrà installato su un sezionatore AT della centrale elettrica Andrea Palladio, presso Fusina (VE). Esso ha il duplice obiettivo di testare i dispositivi sviluppati direttamente sul campo e di raccogliere un dataset locale e remoto per almeno un anno. Questi dati permetteranno di validare gli algoritmi previsionali di polluzione sviluppati e potrà essere usato per ulteriori studi futuri sull’argomento.
HV Disconnector: smart integration and real time monitoring of pollution for predictive maintenance in APM ecosystem
SARACENI, RODOLFO
2021/2022
Abstract
The accumulation of polluting materials on air insulated high voltage devices (AIS) is an inevitable process that leads to a reduction in the overall sealing of the affected insulation over time. To face this problem, the normative (IEC 60815) indicates a sizing of the insulators to maximize creepage distance depending on the level of pollution assumed. In addition, it is necessary that the installers, in order to restore the insulation state, carry out regular scheduled maintenance. Although it has been studied for decades, the current state of the art is for the most part limited to line insulators only, such as the cap and pin, with few references to post-insulators. The contemporaneity of factors such as the reduction of costs and dimensions of hardware components in favor of their computational performance, as well as the development of new data analysis techniques, has allowed an ever increasing improvement of real-time monitoring methods. Utilities in the energy sector, to meet the insistent demand for an increase in the quality of service QoS, they started to install remote monitoring systems for the electricity grid with the aim of integrating them into more complex Asset Performance Management mechanisms. The purpose of this thesis work is to deepen the behavior of the post-insulators of the pollution to define a real-time monitoring device that can be marketed and installed on high voltage disconnectors. Choosing the leakage current as the most representative parameter of the state of an insulator, is started by analyzing some salt-fog tests performed on post-insulator in the laboratory, then defined a possible algorithm, which, with opportune customization, was implemented on a sensor developed in General Electric. By integrating the results obtained with those already present in the literature it is shown that, in order to obtain a good characterization of an insulator it is necessary to study it individually. However, through mathematical models it is anyway possible to obtain a first approximation of the trend of the leakage current depending on the level of pollution in order to predict the behavior of the insulator over time and intervene only when really necessary. Further tests and a pilot installation were then carried out on an AIS disconnector in the substation of E-distribuzione near Vigevano (PV) to verify the prototype developed and define a possible product standard. The thesis work concludes with the design and implementation of a measurement cabinet that will be installed on a HV disconnector of the power plant Andrea Palladio, near Fusina (VE). It has the dual objective of testing the developed devices directly on field and to collect a local and remote dataset for at least one year. These data will allow to validate the developed pollution prediction algorithms and can be used for further future studies on the subject.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/28985