Atypical parkinsonisms are characterized by motor involvement, but also by neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms. The importance of the latter has recently been understood, underlining that taking care of them could considerably improve patients’ quality of life. The objective of this study was the neuropsychiatric characterization of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), based on both the patients and caregivers’ report. The agreement between the behavioural scales and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was evaluated. Particular attention was paid to the anticonservative ideation and eating disorders. The interaction between neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive decline, disease progression, quality of life and ongoing pharmacological therapy was investigated. A total of 89 patients, 33 MSA and 56 PSP, was considered. They underwent both a motor and a neuropsychological evaluation. The caregivers independently fulfilled the NPI, from which the patient’s neuropsychiatric profile was derived. The results highlight a different neuropsychiatric pattern for PSP and MSA. MSA presents mainly with depression, and it is not possible to distinguish the phenotypes in relation to neuropsychiatric symptoms. The neuropsychiatric aspect is shown to be independent of disease progression but correlates with cognitive decline. Neuropsychiatric symptoms responded well to non-dopaminergic therapy. On the other hand, in PSP it is confirmed the presence of different neuropsychiatric aspects for the several phenotypes. Apathy is the prevalent manifestation, correlating with both disease progression and cognitive decline, and is treated in an integrated manner by non-dopaminergic drugs, in particular SSRIs. In both groups of patients there was no agreement in the pattern of frequency and severity of the NPI with the behavioural scales. In conclusion, the prevalent PSP and MSA neuropsychiatric aspects were identified, highlighting the presence of gender differences. It is worth noticing that anticonservative ideation should be monitored in these patients, especially in the early stages of the disease. The discrepancy between self-reported aspects and those described by caregivers indicates the need to pay attention to this relationship, considering patient's and caregiver’s awareness of disease.
I parkinsonismi atipici sono disturbi caratterizzati da un evidente coinvolgimento motorio, ma anche da sintomatologia neuropsichiatrica e cognitiva. L’importanza di questi ultimi aspetti è stata solo recentemente compresa, rendendo evidente come una loro presa in carico potrebbe considerevolmente migliorare la qualità di vita dei pazienti. L’obiettivo del presente studio è stata la caratterizzazione neuropsichiatrica della Paralisi Sopranucleare Progressiva (PSP) e dell’Atrofia Multisistemica (MSA), basandosi sul riferito del paziente e dei familiari. Si è valutata la concordanza tra le scale comportamentali compilate dal paziente e dal caregiver. Particolare attenzione è stata rivolta all’ideazione anticonservativa e ai disturbi dell’alimentazione. È stata indagata l’interazione tra sintomatologia neuropsichiatrica, declino cognitivo, progressione di malattia, qualità di vita e terapia farmacologica in corso. A questo scopo, un campione totale di 89 pazienti, di cui 33 MSA e 56 PSP, è stato sottoposto a valutazione sia motoria che neuropsicologica. I caregiver hanno proceduto autonomamente alla compilazione di un questionario, il Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), a partire dal quale è stato caratterizzato il profilo neuropsichiatrico del paziente. I risultati evidenziano la presenza di un pattern neuropsichiatrico differente per PSP e MSA, che a sua volta differisce da quello riscontrabile nella malattia di Parkinson. Nella MSA, in cui prevalgono tratti di depressione, non è possibile distinguere i vari fenotipi in relazione alla sintomatologia neuropsichiatrica. L’aspetto neuropsichiatrico si dimostra indipendente dalla progressione di malattia, ma correlato con il declino cognitivo. La sintomatologia neuropsichiatrica risponde alla terapia non-dopaminergica. Nella PSP si conferma la presenza di aspetti neuropsichiatrici diversi per i vari fenotipi, con l’apatia come disturbo prevalente trasversalmente. L’apatia correla sia con la progressione di malattia che con il declino cognitivo ed è trattata in maniera integrata da farmaci non-dopaminergici, in particolare dagli inibitori selettivi della ricaptazione della serotonina (SSRI). In entrambi i gruppi di pazienti non si è rilevata sovrapposizione nel pattern di frequenza e severità all’NPI con le scale comportamentali. In conclusione, sono stati identificati gli aspetti neuropsichiatrici prevalenti nella PSP e nell’MSA, rilevando la presenza di differenze di genere nelle manifestazioni. Di nota, si rileva come l’ideazione anticonservativa debba essere monitorata in questi pazienti, in particolare nelle prime fasi di malattia. La discrepanza tra gli aspetti auto-riferiti e riportati dai caregiver indica la necessità di porre attenzione a questa relazione, considerando la consapevolezza di malattia del paziente e del caregiver.
Caratterizzazione dei disturbi neuropsichiatrici in pazienti con Paralisi Sopranucleare Progressiva e Atrofia Multisistemica
CAZZOLA, NOEMI
2021/2022
Abstract
Atypical parkinsonisms are characterized by motor involvement, but also by neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms. The importance of the latter has recently been understood, underlining that taking care of them could considerably improve patients’ quality of life. The objective of this study was the neuropsychiatric characterization of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), based on both the patients and caregivers’ report. The agreement between the behavioural scales and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was evaluated. Particular attention was paid to the anticonservative ideation and eating disorders. The interaction between neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive decline, disease progression, quality of life and ongoing pharmacological therapy was investigated. A total of 89 patients, 33 MSA and 56 PSP, was considered. They underwent both a motor and a neuropsychological evaluation. The caregivers independently fulfilled the NPI, from which the patient’s neuropsychiatric profile was derived. The results highlight a different neuropsychiatric pattern for PSP and MSA. MSA presents mainly with depression, and it is not possible to distinguish the phenotypes in relation to neuropsychiatric symptoms. The neuropsychiatric aspect is shown to be independent of disease progression but correlates with cognitive decline. Neuropsychiatric symptoms responded well to non-dopaminergic therapy. On the other hand, in PSP it is confirmed the presence of different neuropsychiatric aspects for the several phenotypes. Apathy is the prevalent manifestation, correlating with both disease progression and cognitive decline, and is treated in an integrated manner by non-dopaminergic drugs, in particular SSRIs. In both groups of patients there was no agreement in the pattern of frequency and severity of the NPI with the behavioural scales. In conclusion, the prevalent PSP and MSA neuropsychiatric aspects were identified, highlighting the presence of gender differences. It is worth noticing that anticonservative ideation should be monitored in these patients, especially in the early stages of the disease. The discrepancy between self-reported aspects and those described by caregivers indicates the need to pay attention to this relationship, considering patient's and caregiver’s awareness of disease.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/31845