Today the decline of amphibians is a well-known phenomenon, recognized in the literature. This phenomenon is observed on a global scale, so much so that according to the data obtained from the stipulation of the Red Lists (national and international lists of species of animals and plants at risk of extinction drawn up according to the principles of the IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature), about one third of the known species are considered to be at risk of extinction (Henle et al., 2008). Due to this progressive decrease, the monitoring of the populations present in the territory is fundamental. The WWF Ponds Oasis of Casale "Alberto Carta" is part of a Special Conservation Area and a Special Protection Area (ZSC / ZPS IT3220005), it hosts important conservationist species (not only amphibians), in fact present protected species such as Triturus carnifex (Laurenti 1768), Rana latastei Boulenger 1879 and Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus 1758). The current state of the populations of the different species and the verification of their presence / absence in the investigated sites were analyzed with the following paper. The survey methods adopted for protected species were chosen from those proposed by the current regulations of the "Manual for monitoring species and habitats of community interest (Directive 92/43 / EEC), (Ispra, 2016), while for the amphibious fauna in general, the techniques for collecting data have been extrapolated from the John W. Wilkinson manual. The materials chosen for the activity were those commonly used for investigations on the batracofauna, with appropriate maintenance to avoid the spread of any pathogens (fine mesh screen, camera, stopwatch, boots, gloves and containers). Furthermore, the vegetation present in the single points chosen was analyzed in order to understand if this could be a key factor in the choice of reproductive sites. From the analysis it emerged that the Lataste frog is widespread in the site and reproduces in almost all ponds as opposed to Triturus carnifex (Laurenti 1768) and Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus 1758) which appear to be present only in the two small didactic ponds near the structure. The greatest criticality was the high drought, caused by reduced winter and spring rainfall, in the breeding periods which certainly influenced the choice of reproductive sites which was followed by a rapid desiccation compared to previous years, caused by the premature increase in temperatures. . These problems have caused the desiccation of aquatic habitats in the delicate period of metamorphosis, which in some cases was interrupted prematurely, causing the loss of specimens present in some ponds. Furthermore, the high drought in the initial months led to the disappearance of humid areas essential for the reproduction of species such as Hyla intermedia Boulenger 1882, Bufo bufo (Linnaeus 1758) and Bufotes viridis (Laurenti 1768).
Oggi il declino degli anfibi è un fenomeno ben noto, riconosciuto in letteratura. Tale fenomeno si osserva su scala globale, tanto che secondo i dati ottenuti dalla stipulazione delle Liste Rosse (liste nazionali e internazionali delle specie di animali e vegetali a rischio di estinzione redatte secondo i principi della IUCN Unione Internazionale per la Conservazione della Natura), circa un terzo delle specie note è considerato a rischio di estinzione (Henle et al., 2008). A causa di questa progressiva diminuzione risulta fondamentale il monitoraggio delle popolazioni presenti nel territorio. L’Oasi WWF Stagni di Casale "Alberto Carta" è inserita all’interno di una Zona Speciale di Conservazione e di una Zona a Protezione Speciale (ZSC/ZPS IT3220005), ospita specie importanti a livello conservazionistico (non solo anfibie), sono infatti presenti specie protette come Triturus carnifex (Laurenti 1768), Rana latastei Boulenger 1879 ed Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus 1758). Con il seguente elaborato sono stati analizzati lo stato attuale delle popolazioni delle differenti specie e la verifica delle loro presenza/assenza nei siti indagati. Le metodiche di indagine adottate per le specie protette sono state scelte tra quelle proposte dalle norme vigenti del “Manuale per il monitoraggio di specie e habitat di interesse comunitario" (Direttiva 92/43/CEE), (Ispra, 2016) mentre per la fauna anfibia in generale le tecniche per il raccoglimento dati sono state estrapolate dal manuale di Wilkinson (Wilkinson, 2015). I materiali scelti per l’attività sono stati quelli comunemente utilizzati per indagini sulla batracofauna, con opportuna manutenzione per evitare la diffusione di eventuali patogeni (retino a maglie fini, fotocamera, cronometro, stivali, guanti e contenitori). Ancora, è stata analizzata la vegetazione presente nei singoli punti scelti in maniera tale da capire se questa possa essere un fattore chiave nella scelta dei siti riproduttivi. Dall’analisi è emerso che la Rana di Lataste è diffusa nel sito e si riproduce in quasi tutti gli stagni al contrario di Triturus carnifex (Laurenti 1768) e Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus 1758) che risultano essere presenti solo nei due piccoli stagni didattici vicino alla struttura. La criticità maggiore è stata l’elevata siccità, causata da precipitazioni invernali e primaverili ridotte, nei periodi di riproduzione che ha sicuramente influito sulla scelta dei siti riproduttivi a cui è seguito un disseccamento rapido rispetto agli anni precedenti, causato dall’aumento precoce delle temperature. Queste problematiche hanno causato il disseccamento degli habitat acquatici nel delicato periodo della metamorfosi, il quale in alcuni casi è stato interrotto precocemente causando la perdita degli esemplari presenti in alcuni stagni. Inoltre, la siccità elevata nei mesi iniziali ha portato alla scomparsa di aree umide fondamentali per la riproduzione di specie come Hyla intermedia Boulenger 1882, Bufo bufo (Linnaeus 1758) e Bufotes viridis (Laurenti 1768).
Analisi ecologica della batracofauna presso l’Oasi WWF degli Stagni di Casale A.Carta (Vicenza)
RUIU, NADIA
2021/2022
Abstract
Today the decline of amphibians is a well-known phenomenon, recognized in the literature. This phenomenon is observed on a global scale, so much so that according to the data obtained from the stipulation of the Red Lists (national and international lists of species of animals and plants at risk of extinction drawn up according to the principles of the IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature), about one third of the known species are considered to be at risk of extinction (Henle et al., 2008). Due to this progressive decrease, the monitoring of the populations present in the territory is fundamental. The WWF Ponds Oasis of Casale "Alberto Carta" is part of a Special Conservation Area and a Special Protection Area (ZSC / ZPS IT3220005), it hosts important conservationist species (not only amphibians), in fact present protected species such as Triturus carnifex (Laurenti 1768), Rana latastei Boulenger 1879 and Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus 1758). The current state of the populations of the different species and the verification of their presence / absence in the investigated sites were analyzed with the following paper. The survey methods adopted for protected species were chosen from those proposed by the current regulations of the "Manual for monitoring species and habitats of community interest (Directive 92/43 / EEC), (Ispra, 2016), while for the amphibious fauna in general, the techniques for collecting data have been extrapolated from the John W. Wilkinson manual. The materials chosen for the activity were those commonly used for investigations on the batracofauna, with appropriate maintenance to avoid the spread of any pathogens (fine mesh screen, camera, stopwatch, boots, gloves and containers). Furthermore, the vegetation present in the single points chosen was analyzed in order to understand if this could be a key factor in the choice of reproductive sites. From the analysis it emerged that the Lataste frog is widespread in the site and reproduces in almost all ponds as opposed to Triturus carnifex (Laurenti 1768) and Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus 1758) which appear to be present only in the two small didactic ponds near the structure. The greatest criticality was the high drought, caused by reduced winter and spring rainfall, in the breeding periods which certainly influenced the choice of reproductive sites which was followed by a rapid desiccation compared to previous years, caused by the premature increase in temperatures. . These problems have caused the desiccation of aquatic habitats in the delicate period of metamorphosis, which in some cases was interrupted prematurely, causing the loss of specimens present in some ponds. Furthermore, the high drought in the initial months led to the disappearance of humid areas essential for the reproduction of species such as Hyla intermedia Boulenger 1882, Bufo bufo (Linnaeus 1758) and Bufotes viridis (Laurenti 1768).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/33774