Nowadays, point clouds are considered to be a promising tool to represent visual data for immersive applications. A Point Cloud (PC) is defined as a 3D representation of a given object or scene, composed of multiple points in a coordinate system. Apart from spatial coordinates, they usually have some attributes as color, opacity, reflectance and surface normal. PCs can represent items with wide variety of scales from narrow blood vessels to large objects as building or even an entire city. There is also a possibility to compress PCs in a scale required for real-time and portable use for Virtual /Augmented Reality (VR/AR). Recently developed imaging sensors enable to acquire richer and denser point clouds, approximately with millions of points, and emphasize the need of efficient point cloud compression and transmission solutions. It is essential to assess the influence and performance of processing algorithms in a point cloud communication system, that can cause degradations and artifacts. Therefore, the most common artifacts caused by different types of processing should be investigated considering their impact on the Quality of Experience (QoE) of the end users. In this context, the experience of the users in a multimedia environment is influenced by human, technical, and context factors. QoE evaluation is essential and subjective tests provide the most reliable assessment compared to a sole use of objective metrics, and provide useful insights to improve current technologies. There are several tests available for 2D images/video, but only a limited number of them is applicable to immersive technologies, which offer new opportunities to the users to explore the content and interact with it. As the field of immersive applications is rapidly expanding, there is a need of more studies and datasets containing subjective quality data. For this purpose, subjective tests is the main focus of this thesis work. The three primary contributions of this work are as follows: (i) a software for dynamic point cloud visualization was developed, (ii) subjective quality assessment study was performed on 3D point clouds, and (iii) the impact of standard compression rates on the QoE was statistically analysed. Before providing the details of the research and results, a literature review on point cloud compression and streaming, and previous findings are covered in the following sections.

Nowadays, point clouds are considered to be a promising tool to represent visual data for immersive applications. A Point Cloud (PC) is defined as a 3D representation of a given object or scene, composed of multiple points in a coordinate system. Apart from spatial coordinates, they usually have some attributes as color, opacity, reflectance and surface normal. PCs can represent items with wide variety of scales from narrow blood vessels to large objects as building or even an entire city. There is also a possibility to compress PCs in a scale required for real-time and portable use for Virtual /Augmented Reality (VR/AR). Recently developed imaging sensors enable to acquire richer and denser point clouds, approximately with millions of points, and emphasize the need of efficient point cloud compression and transmission solutions. It is essential to assess the influence and performance of processing algorithms in a point cloud communication system, that can cause degradations and artifacts. Therefore, the most common artifacts caused by different types of processing should be investigated considering their impact on the Quality of Experience (QoE) of the end users. In this context, the experience of the users in a multimedia environment is influenced by human, technical, and context factors. QoE evaluation is essential and subjective tests provide the most reliable assessment compared to a sole use of objective metrics, and provide useful insights to improve current technologies. There are several tests available for 2D images/video, but only a limited number of them is applicable to immersive technologies, which offer new opportunities to the users to explore the content and interact with it. As the field of immersive applications is rapidly expanding, there is a need of more studies and datasets containing subjective quality data. For this purpose, subjective tests is the main focus of this thesis work. The three primary contributions of this work are as follows: (i) a software for dynamic point cloud visualization was developed, (ii) subjective quality assessment study was performed on 3D point clouds, and (iii) the impact of standard compression rates on the QoE was statistically analysed. Before providing the details of the research and results, a literature review on point cloud compression and streaming, and previous findings are covered in the following sections.

Design and development of a subjective test methodology for Quality of Experience evaluation of point clouds

DANDYYEVA, GULZHANAT
2021/2022

Abstract

Nowadays, point clouds are considered to be a promising tool to represent visual data for immersive applications. A Point Cloud (PC) is defined as a 3D representation of a given object or scene, composed of multiple points in a coordinate system. Apart from spatial coordinates, they usually have some attributes as color, opacity, reflectance and surface normal. PCs can represent items with wide variety of scales from narrow blood vessels to large objects as building or even an entire city. There is also a possibility to compress PCs in a scale required for real-time and portable use for Virtual /Augmented Reality (VR/AR). Recently developed imaging sensors enable to acquire richer and denser point clouds, approximately with millions of points, and emphasize the need of efficient point cloud compression and transmission solutions. It is essential to assess the influence and performance of processing algorithms in a point cloud communication system, that can cause degradations and artifacts. Therefore, the most common artifacts caused by different types of processing should be investigated considering their impact on the Quality of Experience (QoE) of the end users. In this context, the experience of the users in a multimedia environment is influenced by human, technical, and context factors. QoE evaluation is essential and subjective tests provide the most reliable assessment compared to a sole use of objective metrics, and provide useful insights to improve current technologies. There are several tests available for 2D images/video, but only a limited number of them is applicable to immersive technologies, which offer new opportunities to the users to explore the content and interact with it. As the field of immersive applications is rapidly expanding, there is a need of more studies and datasets containing subjective quality data. For this purpose, subjective tests is the main focus of this thesis work. The three primary contributions of this work are as follows: (i) a software for dynamic point cloud visualization was developed, (ii) subjective quality assessment study was performed on 3D point clouds, and (iii) the impact of standard compression rates on the QoE was statistically analysed. Before providing the details of the research and results, a literature review on point cloud compression and streaming, and previous findings are covered in the following sections.
2021
Design and development of a subjective test methodology for Quality of Experience evaluation of point clouds
Nowadays, point clouds are considered to be a promising tool to represent visual data for immersive applications. A Point Cloud (PC) is defined as a 3D representation of a given object or scene, composed of multiple points in a coordinate system. Apart from spatial coordinates, they usually have some attributes as color, opacity, reflectance and surface normal. PCs can represent items with wide variety of scales from narrow blood vessels to large objects as building or even an entire city. There is also a possibility to compress PCs in a scale required for real-time and portable use for Virtual /Augmented Reality (VR/AR). Recently developed imaging sensors enable to acquire richer and denser point clouds, approximately with millions of points, and emphasize the need of efficient point cloud compression and transmission solutions. It is essential to assess the influence and performance of processing algorithms in a point cloud communication system, that can cause degradations and artifacts. Therefore, the most common artifacts caused by different types of processing should be investigated considering their impact on the Quality of Experience (QoE) of the end users. In this context, the experience of the users in a multimedia environment is influenced by human, technical, and context factors. QoE evaluation is essential and subjective tests provide the most reliable assessment compared to a sole use of objective metrics, and provide useful insights to improve current technologies. There are several tests available for 2D images/video, but only a limited number of them is applicable to immersive technologies, which offer new opportunities to the users to explore the content and interact with it. As the field of immersive applications is rapidly expanding, there is a need of more studies and datasets containing subjective quality data. For this purpose, subjective tests is the main focus of this thesis work. The three primary contributions of this work are as follows: (i) a software for dynamic point cloud visualization was developed, (ii) subjective quality assessment study was performed on 3D point clouds, and (iii) the impact of standard compression rates on the QoE was statistically analysed. Before providing the details of the research and results, a literature review on point cloud compression and streaming, and previous findings are covered in the following sections.
point clouds
subjective test
Quality
Virtual reality
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/35530