Empathy is a construct that, in over a century of history, has become an object of great scientific interest in the psychological field. To date, it has been possible to accumulate a series of evidences that suggests that empathy consists of two components that are partially dissociable: cognitive and affective empathy. The importance of the empathic process is also permeated in the diagnostic field, so much that in the alternative model of personality disorders of the DSM-5, empathy is one of the criteria for assessing the degree of impairment in the functioning of the personality. However, the DSM-5 considers empathy as a homogeneous criterion, without making a distinction between cognitive and affective empathy. This systematic review therefore aims to collect the available literature on the distinction between cognitive and affective empathy in personality disorders, with the idea that highlighting the selective deficits may be useful for guiding therapeutic treatment. A total of 39 studies were recovered, from which it emerges that each personality disorder has its own peculiar pattern of empathic impairment. More studies are needed to increase the strength of the findings, as the literature in this field is still fragmented.
L’empatia è un costrutto che, in oltre un secolo di storia, è diventato oggetto di grande interesse scientifico in ambito psicologico. Ad oggi, è stato possibile accumulare una serie di evidenze che suggeriscono come l’empatia si costituisca di due componenti che risultano in parte dissociabili: empatia cognitiva ed affettiva. L’importanza del processo empatico è permeata anche nell’ambito diagnostico, tanto che, nel modello alternativo dei disturbi di personalità del DSM-5, l’empatia è uno dei criteri per la valutazione del grado di compromissione del funzionamento della personalità. Tuttavia, il DSM-5 considera l’empatia come un criterio omogeneo, senza porre una distinzione tra empatia cognitiva ed affettiva. La presente rassegna sistematica si pone dunque l’obiettivo di raccogliere la letteratura disponibile sulla distinzione tra empatia cognitiva e affettiva nei disturbi di personalità, con l’idea che sottolinearne i deficit selettivi possa essere utile per orientare il trattamento terapeutico. Sono stati recuperati complessivamente 39 studi, dai quali emerge come ogni disturbo di personalità presenti un proprio pattern di compromissione empatica peculiare. Sono necessari altri studi per aumentare la forza dei risultati emersi, in quanto la letteratura in questo campo risulta ancora frammentata.
Il rapporto tra empatia affettiva e cognitiva nei disturbi di personalità: una rassegna sistematica della letteratura
VECCHI, MARIA EUGENIA
2021/2022
Abstract
Empathy is a construct that, in over a century of history, has become an object of great scientific interest in the psychological field. To date, it has been possible to accumulate a series of evidences that suggests that empathy consists of two components that are partially dissociable: cognitive and affective empathy. The importance of the empathic process is also permeated in the diagnostic field, so much that in the alternative model of personality disorders of the DSM-5, empathy is one of the criteria for assessing the degree of impairment in the functioning of the personality. However, the DSM-5 considers empathy as a homogeneous criterion, without making a distinction between cognitive and affective empathy. This systematic review therefore aims to collect the available literature on the distinction between cognitive and affective empathy in personality disorders, with the idea that highlighting the selective deficits may be useful for guiding therapeutic treatment. A total of 39 studies were recovered, from which it emerges that each personality disorder has its own peculiar pattern of empathic impairment. More studies are needed to increase the strength of the findings, as the literature in this field is still fragmented.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/36228