Background Body image is a complex construct that can be described as the psychological experience related to one's body and as the attitude towards the physical self that includes cognitive, evaluative, and behavioral elements. Body image depends on several factors: maturation of the nervous system, psycho-emotional experiences, sensory-motor perception, experience, motor and postural learning. If the self-image is positive, it means that the person lives a psychophysical well-being, instead, if the self-image is negative, it can lead to body dissatisfaction and some disorders can manifest, for example the eating one. In the modern society body image is mainly influenced by three factors: the peer group, parents and mass media (Tripartite Model of Influence by Thompson and colleagues). Purpose of the study Considering these assumptions, in this thesis we will analyze the personal perception of body image in more than 200 athletes practicing different sport disciplines both individual and team based. The hypothesis that we want to investigate is: do individual sports athletes have a more fragile body image than those who practice team sports? Materials and methods The survey is based on the administration of a questionnaire in which the subjects answer questions about personal data, body appearance and finally questions that belong to some psychological questionnaires (PACS, PHQ9, SCOFF, BWISE and BWD), that investigate other factors that could be related to body image. Results In conclusion, statistical analyses were conducted, and different significant correlations appeared in the data referring to the person, to the behaviors adopted, to the psychological scales and also among all these elements. Conclusions Social comparison is the element that connects to all the other variables present in the thesis and, in a modern society, where social networks are increasingly present and insistent, the comparison with others is generated naturally. Unfortunately, especially in individual sports, problems like eating and body image disorders arise. To reduce and prevent them, the work of an experienced multidisciplinary group is necessary because these professionals in different areas of health will be able to advise on the most effective interventions and behaviors to overcome the discomforts caused by disorders of this type.
Background L'immagine corporea è un costrutto complesso che può essere descritto come l'esperienza psicologica riferita al proprio corpo e anche come l’atteggiamento nei confronti del sé fisico che include elementi cognitivi, valutativi e comportamentali. L’immagine del corpo dipende da più fattori: la maturazione del sistema nervoso, i vissuti psico-emotivi, la percezione senso-motoria, l’esperienza e l’apprendimento motorio e posturale. Se l’immagine di sé è positiva significa che la persona vive un benessere psicofisico, invece, se l’immagine è negativa, può portare a insoddisfazione corporea e possono manifestarsi alcuni disturbi, per esempio quello alimentare. Nella società odierna l’immagine corporea è influenzata principalmente da tre fattori: il gruppo dei pari, i genitori e i mass media (Modello Tripartito di Influenza di Thompson e colleghi). Scopo dello studio Tenuti in considerazione questi presupposti, in questa tesi si andrà ad analizzare la percezione personale dell’immagine corporea in più di 200 atleti praticanti diverse discipline sportive sia individuali che di squadra. L’ipotesi che si vuole indagare è: gli atleti degli sport individuali presentano un’immagine corporea più fragile rispetto a coloro che praticano sport di squadra? Materiali e metodi L’indagine si basa sulla somministrazione di un questionario in cui i soggetti rispondono a quesiti riguardo dati personali, aspetto corporeo e infine domande appartenenti a questionari psicologici (PACS, PHQ9, SCOFF, BWISE e BWD), i quali indagano altri fattori che potrebbero essere correlati all’immagine corporea. Risultati Infine, sono state condotte le analisi statistiche e sono apparse numerose correlazioni significative nei dati riferiti alla persona, nei comportamenti adottati, nelle scale psicologiche e anche tra tutti questi elementi. Conclusioni Il confronto sociale è l’elemento che si collega a tutte le altre variabili presenti nella tesi e, in una società moderna, dove i social network sono sempre più presenti e insistenti, il paragone con gli altri si genera naturalmente. Purtroppo, soprattutto negli sport individuali nascono delle problematiche come i disturbi alimentari e dell’immagine corporea. Per ridurli e prevenirli è necessario il lavoro di un gruppo multidisciplinare esperto perché tali professionisti nei diversi ambiti della salute sapranno consigliare gli interventi e i comportamenti più efficaci per superare i disagi causati dai disturbi di questo tipo.
Immagine corporea e sport: differenze tra sport individuali e di squadra
ZORZAN, GIADA
2021/2022
Abstract
Background Body image is a complex construct that can be described as the psychological experience related to one's body and as the attitude towards the physical self that includes cognitive, evaluative, and behavioral elements. Body image depends on several factors: maturation of the nervous system, psycho-emotional experiences, sensory-motor perception, experience, motor and postural learning. If the self-image is positive, it means that the person lives a psychophysical well-being, instead, if the self-image is negative, it can lead to body dissatisfaction and some disorders can manifest, for example the eating one. In the modern society body image is mainly influenced by three factors: the peer group, parents and mass media (Tripartite Model of Influence by Thompson and colleagues). Purpose of the study Considering these assumptions, in this thesis we will analyze the personal perception of body image in more than 200 athletes practicing different sport disciplines both individual and team based. The hypothesis that we want to investigate is: do individual sports athletes have a more fragile body image than those who practice team sports? Materials and methods The survey is based on the administration of a questionnaire in which the subjects answer questions about personal data, body appearance and finally questions that belong to some psychological questionnaires (PACS, PHQ9, SCOFF, BWISE and BWD), that investigate other factors that could be related to body image. Results In conclusion, statistical analyses were conducted, and different significant correlations appeared in the data referring to the person, to the behaviors adopted, to the psychological scales and also among all these elements. Conclusions Social comparison is the element that connects to all the other variables present in the thesis and, in a modern society, where social networks are increasingly present and insistent, the comparison with others is generated naturally. Unfortunately, especially in individual sports, problems like eating and body image disorders arise. To reduce and prevent them, the work of an experienced multidisciplinary group is necessary because these professionals in different areas of health will be able to advise on the most effective interventions and behaviors to overcome the discomforts caused by disorders of this type.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/37127