Fire is one of the most important disturbance agent in forest ecosystem. In Italy, fires usually affects the middle-southern region, while the alps are not usually associated with them; nevertheless, southern alpine slopes and the dry valleys in the central alps, showes an higher frequency of such events. Afterwards, post-fire restoration programs are often needed. Until recently years, the most common program was salvage logging, that consisted in removing all the deadwood in the site. In the last years, exactly deadwood has been seen with more importance about its ecological function, getting to be one of the main indicator of biodiversity. Removing deadwood can have negative effects to several ecosystem functions and processes; for this reason, scientific community started to propose other treatments, or to observe the free evolution processes. The present work is the pursuance of the comparation, started in 2010, between four different post-fire treatments. The purpose is to evaluate their effects on plants regeneration, variability in microsites and “biolocical legacies”, or number and quality of residues and organisms that survive to the disturbance (Lingua E.). Study area is located in the centre of Valle d’Aosta, in northwest Italy. Here, a stand replacing wildfire affected and destroyed a dence Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in March 2005. In the following years, over salvage logging, three different post-fire treatments have been realized: Random direction (RD) was a random “cut and release”, Fishbone (FB) was a cutting followed by branches removing and fishbone distribution of deadwood, Passive management (PM) is a non-intervent area, left to a free evolution. To observe the regeneration patterns, 60 circular plots with a 6 metres diameter wher set for sampling. They are distributed among treatments with 20 plots in salvage logging, 20 in passive management, 10 in random direction and 10 in fishbone. Inside these plots site-level data about regeneration characteristic and soil cover where collected. This was the third monitoring, after 2010 and 2015; it confirms statistical significant differences pointed out by previous inventories. In fact, among treatments regeneration number and plant density and ground cover change. Species spread is different also in relation to other parameters such as ground roughness or distance from the nearest seed holder. This last condition happens specially for species that have heavy seeds, which spread is based on their fall.
Il fuoco è uno dei principali agenti di disturbo negli ecosistemi forestali. In Italia gli incendi interessano principalmente il centro-sud, mentre sulle alpi sono meno diffusi; tuttavia, i versanti meridionali e le valli più secche delle alpi centrali evidenziano una maggiore frequenza di tali eventi. In seguito ad essi, spesso si rende necessario attuare degli interventi post-incendio: il trattamento più comune era, fino a poco tempo fa, il salvage logging, ovvero la rimozione di tutta la necromassa presente nel sito interessato dal fuoco. Negli ultimi anni, però, proprio la necromassa ha acquisito una funzione ecologica molto più importante, diventando uno dei principali indicatori della biodiversità. Rimuoverla può quindi determinare effetti negativi su molti servizi e funzioni dell’ecosistema e con il tempo si è iniziato a proporre altri trattamenti, oppure si è optato per osservare gli sviluppi della libera evoluzione. Il seguente lavoro si pone l’obiettivo di proseguire con la comparazione, iniziata nel 2010, di quattro differenti trattamenti post-incendio, così da valutarne gli effetti sulla rigenerazione delle piante, la variabilità nei micrositi e le “biological legacies”, ovvero la quantità e la qualità di residui e organismi che sopravvivono al disturbo (Lingua E.). L’area studio si trova nel centro della Valle d’Aosta, nel nordovest italiano, dove un incendio di chioma ha interessato e distrutto una densa pineta di pino silvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) nel marzo 2005. Negli anni successivi sono stati sperimentati quattro diversi trattamenti: oltre al citato salvage logging, sono stati effettuati due tipi di abbattimento, uno con direzione casuale delle piante morte in piedi (RD= random direction) e uno seguito da sramatura con disposizione a lisca di pesce (FB= fishbone); nell’ultima area, invece, si è lasciato il tutto a libera evoluzione (PM= passive management). Per osservare la variabilità della rinnovazione sono state stabilite 60 aree circolari di campionamento, dal diametro di 6m (20 aree in salvage logging, 20 in passive management, 10 in random direction e 10 in fishbone). All’interno di queste sono stati raccolti vari dati riguardanti le caratteristiche della rinnovazione e della copertura del suolo; ciò è stato effettuato durante due monitoraggi, avvenuti nel 2010 e nel 2015. Questo del 2021 è il terzo monitoraggio, il quale conferma le significative differenze statistiche evidenziate dai precedenti: fra i trattamenti, infatti, cambiano la quantità di rinnovazione e la densità delle piante, ma anche la copertura del suolo. Inoltre, la diffusione delle specie varia anche in relazione ad altri parametri come la rugosità del terreno e la distanza dalla portaseme più vicina, soprattutto nel caso di piante dal seme a diffusione prevalentemente barocora, come le conifere.
Dinamiche della rinnovazione naturale in seguito a diversi trattamenti post-incendio in Valle d'Aosta
ARFINO MATTIOLI, IACOPO TANZIO
2021/2022
Abstract
Fire is one of the most important disturbance agent in forest ecosystem. In Italy, fires usually affects the middle-southern region, while the alps are not usually associated with them; nevertheless, southern alpine slopes and the dry valleys in the central alps, showes an higher frequency of such events. Afterwards, post-fire restoration programs are often needed. Until recently years, the most common program was salvage logging, that consisted in removing all the deadwood in the site. In the last years, exactly deadwood has been seen with more importance about its ecological function, getting to be one of the main indicator of biodiversity. Removing deadwood can have negative effects to several ecosystem functions and processes; for this reason, scientific community started to propose other treatments, or to observe the free evolution processes. The present work is the pursuance of the comparation, started in 2010, between four different post-fire treatments. The purpose is to evaluate their effects on plants regeneration, variability in microsites and “biolocical legacies”, or number and quality of residues and organisms that survive to the disturbance (Lingua E.). Study area is located in the centre of Valle d’Aosta, in northwest Italy. Here, a stand replacing wildfire affected and destroyed a dence Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in March 2005. In the following years, over salvage logging, three different post-fire treatments have been realized: Random direction (RD) was a random “cut and release”, Fishbone (FB) was a cutting followed by branches removing and fishbone distribution of deadwood, Passive management (PM) is a non-intervent area, left to a free evolution. To observe the regeneration patterns, 60 circular plots with a 6 metres diameter wher set for sampling. They are distributed among treatments with 20 plots in salvage logging, 20 in passive management, 10 in random direction and 10 in fishbone. Inside these plots site-level data about regeneration characteristic and soil cover where collected. This was the third monitoring, after 2010 and 2015; it confirms statistical significant differences pointed out by previous inventories. In fact, among treatments regeneration number and plant density and ground cover change. Species spread is different also in relation to other parameters such as ground roughness or distance from the nearest seed holder. This last condition happens specially for species that have heavy seeds, which spread is based on their fall.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/37160