Road accidents are a widespread problem, especially in industrialized societies, and particularly burdensome from a social, health and economic point of view. Every day, newspapers and television report news about serious, or even fatal, accidents that occur on our road. In particular, young people are involved to a greater extent, as Istat and ACI data demonstrate. This is not surprising, since driving skills are acquired mainly with practice and the number of kilometers traveled. A striking fact is that male drivers are more at risk than females. On the one hand, males still constitute the majority of road users (especially considering the use of certain vehicles); on the other hand, it seems that this data, alone, is not enough to explain the imbalance. It is possible that an explanation can, in part, be found in the different way in which young people, compared to adults, and males, compared to females, approach dangerous situations, both from a cognitive and emotional point of view. The present dissertation aims to analyze the problem considering some of its components that seem particularly relevant, like perception, emotions, personality and the evolutionary theory. Through the recent literature, compared with more consolidated theories, we will discuss which factors have a greater influence on the risk perception, risk evaluation, and risk taking in young adults. The ability to recognize and predict risks develops with experience and can be trained, but does not present particular differences on the basis of gender. On the contrary, emotional and personological factors seem to be in some way correlated with both age and gender. Starting from these considerations, we will show how certain evolutionary "forces" could have shaped and maintained certain modes of thought and action which currently appear mostly maladaptive; in this way, the evolutionary perspective will allow us to bring together previous observations in an organic framework, joining them with other more recent cognitive and socio-cultural approaches.
Quello degli incidenti stradali è un problema largamente diffuso, specialmente nelle società industrializzate, e particolarmente gravoso dal punto di vista sociale, sanitario ed economico. Ogni giorno i quotidiani ed i telegiornali riportano la notizia di qualche incidente grave o, addirittura, fatale, che si è verificato nelle nostre strade. In particolar modo sono i giovani ad esserne coinvolti, come ci dicono i dati Istat e Aci. Ciò non sorprende eccessivamente, dal momento che le abilità di guida si acquisiscono soprattutto con la pratica ed il numero di chilometri percorsi. Un dato che può colpire è che sono i guidatori di sesso maschile ad essere maggiormente coinvolti in incidenti. Se, da un lato, i maschi costituiscono ancora una maggioranza degli utenti della strada (soprattutto considerando l’utilizzo di certi veicoli), dall’altro sembra che il solo fattore numerico non sia sufficiente a spiegare questa discrepanza. È possibile che una spiegazione possa, in parte, essere trovata nel diverso modo con cui i giovani, rispetto agli adulti, e i maschi, rispetto alle femmine, si approcciano alle situazioni pericolose, sia da un punto di vista cognitivo che emotivo. Il presente studio si propone di analizzare il problema attraverso alcune delle sue componenti che sembrano particolarmente rilevanti, ovvero la percezione, le emozioni, la personalità e la teoria evoluzionistica. Attraverso la letteratura recente, affiancata alle teorie più consolidate, verranno presi in considerazione alcuni dei fattori che influiscono maggiormente sulla percezione, la valutazione e l’assunzione di rischi nei giovani adulti. La capacità di riconoscere e prevedere i rischi si affina con l’esperienza e può essere allenata, ma non presenta particolari differenze sulla base del sesso di appartenenza. Al contrario fattori di tipo emotivo e personologico sembrano essere, in qualche modo, correlati sia con l’età che con il sesso di appartenenza. A partire da queste considerazioni, nell’elaborato si cercherà di illustrare come determinate “forze” evolutive potrebbero aver modellato e mantenuto certe modalità di pensiero e di azione che, oggi, sembrano perlopiù disadattive; in questo modo la prospettiva evoluzionistica può permettere di riunire in un quadro organico le precedenti osservazioni, andando, quindi, ad affiancarsi ad altri approcci di tipo cognitivo e socioculturale.
Assunzione del rischio nei giovani adulti: il caso della guida in una prospettiva evoluzionistica.
BASTESIN, PIER MARIA
2021/2022
Abstract
Road accidents are a widespread problem, especially in industrialized societies, and particularly burdensome from a social, health and economic point of view. Every day, newspapers and television report news about serious, or even fatal, accidents that occur on our road. In particular, young people are involved to a greater extent, as Istat and ACI data demonstrate. This is not surprising, since driving skills are acquired mainly with practice and the number of kilometers traveled. A striking fact is that male drivers are more at risk than females. On the one hand, males still constitute the majority of road users (especially considering the use of certain vehicles); on the other hand, it seems that this data, alone, is not enough to explain the imbalance. It is possible that an explanation can, in part, be found in the different way in which young people, compared to adults, and males, compared to females, approach dangerous situations, both from a cognitive and emotional point of view. The present dissertation aims to analyze the problem considering some of its components that seem particularly relevant, like perception, emotions, personality and the evolutionary theory. Through the recent literature, compared with more consolidated theories, we will discuss which factors have a greater influence on the risk perception, risk evaluation, and risk taking in young adults. The ability to recognize and predict risks develops with experience and can be trained, but does not present particular differences on the basis of gender. On the contrary, emotional and personological factors seem to be in some way correlated with both age and gender. Starting from these considerations, we will show how certain evolutionary "forces" could have shaped and maintained certain modes of thought and action which currently appear mostly maladaptive; in this way, the evolutionary perspective will allow us to bring together previous observations in an organic framework, joining them with other more recent cognitive and socio-cultural approaches.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/38467