In viticulture, Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of Grapevine downy mildew, is one of the main pathogens, because most varieties of Vitis vinifera are susceptible. The main form of defense against the disease has always been the use of copper. However, starting in the late 1950s, copper-based plant protection products have begun to be sidelined following the introduction of new alternative chemicals. In recent years, the growing needs for environmental protection and food safety, also expressed in the recent European “A Farm to Fork” strategy, are pushing towards an overall reduction in chemical pesticides. The limitations in the use of copper are also increasingly stringent as it, being a heavy metal poorly absorbed by plant tissues, tends to accumulate in the surface layers of the soil and become toxic to the environment. Following these premises, the search for alternative defense strategies against P. viticola is necessary. The current study was conducted back in the summer of 2021 on "Sangiovese" vines in order to evaluate the effectiveness of an anti-downy mildew defense strategy based on chestnut tannin, used alone and mixed with rock dust (zeolite). For the experimental activity four theses were taken into consideration: untreated control, treated only with chestnut tannin, treated with chestnut tannin mixed with zeolite and treated with conventional anti-downy mildew products. The objective was to evaluate if the two theses containing both corroborate could be compared, in terms of protection and effectiveness, to a classic conventional defense. The low rainfall and the high temperatures recorded in the year of the test contained the epidemic risk, so much so that the slight worsening of the symptom picture was observed starting from the month of July. For this reason, only the remark carried out on 18 August is representative of the trend of the anti-downy mildew protection tested. Field observations have shown that the treatment performed with "conventional" anti-downy mildew products was more effective than the treatments performed with tannin. Furthermore, the theses containing chestnut tannin and chestnut tannin combined with zeolite showed an inconstant trend and contrasting results during the course of the experimentation, so much so that, contrary to expectations, the tannin used alone, without the addition of rock, was more effective. However, the results obtained represent a starting point for future tests on the applications of these two products in viticulture.
In viticoltura Plasmopara viticola, agente eziologico della Peronospora della vite, rappresenta uno dei principali patogeni, in quanto la maggior parte delle varietà di Vitis vinifera ne è suscettibile. La principale forma di difesa contro la malattia è sempre stato l’utilizzo del rame. Tuttavia, a partire dalla fine degli anni ’50, i prodotti fitosanitari a base di rame hanno cominciato ad essere messi in disparte a seguito dell’immissione sul mercato di prodotti chimici alternativi. Negli ultimi anni, le crescenti esigenze di tutela dell’ambiente e di salubrità degli alimenti, espresse anche nella recente strategia europea “A Farm to Fork”, stanno spingendo verso una complessiva riduzione dei pesticidi chimici. Sempre più stringenti sono anche le limitazioni nell’uso del rame in quanto esso, essendo un metallo pesante scarsamente assorbito dai tessuti vegetali, tende ad accumularsi negli strati superficiali del terreno e diventare tossico per l’ambiente. A seguito di tali premesse, risulta necessaria la ricerca di strategie di difesa alternative contro P. viticola. Il presente studio è stato condotto nell’estate 2021 su viti “Sangiovese” al fine di valutare l’efficacia di una strategia di difesa antiperonosporica a base di tannino di castagno, utilizzato sia da solo che in miscela con polvere di roccia (zeolite). Per l’attività sperimentale sono state quindi prese in considerazione quattro tesi: testimone non trattato, tesi trattata con solo tannino di castagno, tesi trattata con tannino di castagno in miscela con zeolite e tesi trattata con prodotti antiperonosporici convenzionali. L’obiettivo era valutare se le due tesi contenenti il corroborante potessero essere paragonate, in termini di protezione e quindi di efficacia, ad una classica difesa convenzionale. Le scarse precipitazioni e le alte temperature registrate nell’anno della prova hanno contenuto il rischio epidemico, tanto che il leggero aggravarsi del quadro sintomatologico lo si è osservato a partire dal mese di luglio. Per questo motivo, solamente il rilievo effettuato il 18 agosto risulta rappresentativo dell’andamento della protezione antiperonosporica saggiata. Le osservazioni di campo hanno evidenziato che il trattamento eseguito con prodotti antiperonosporici “convenzionali” è risultato più efficace dei trattamenti effettuati con il tannino. Inoltre, le tesi contenenti tannino di castagno e tannino di castagno unito alla zeolite hanno mostrato un andamento incostante e risultati contrastanti durante l’andamento della prova, tanto che, contrariamente alle aspettative, il tannino utilizzato da solo, senza l’aggiunta della polvere di roccia, è risultato più efficace. I risultati ottenuti rappresentano comunque un punto di partenza per prove future sulle applicazioni di questi due prodotti in viticoltura.
Efficacia dei trattamenti con tannino di castagno e zeolite contro Plasmopara viticola, agente causale della peronospora della vite
FASOLINI, ROBERTA
2021/2022
Abstract
In viticulture, Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of Grapevine downy mildew, is one of the main pathogens, because most varieties of Vitis vinifera are susceptible. The main form of defense against the disease has always been the use of copper. However, starting in the late 1950s, copper-based plant protection products have begun to be sidelined following the introduction of new alternative chemicals. In recent years, the growing needs for environmental protection and food safety, also expressed in the recent European “A Farm to Fork” strategy, are pushing towards an overall reduction in chemical pesticides. The limitations in the use of copper are also increasingly stringent as it, being a heavy metal poorly absorbed by plant tissues, tends to accumulate in the surface layers of the soil and become toxic to the environment. Following these premises, the search for alternative defense strategies against P. viticola is necessary. The current study was conducted back in the summer of 2021 on "Sangiovese" vines in order to evaluate the effectiveness of an anti-downy mildew defense strategy based on chestnut tannin, used alone and mixed with rock dust (zeolite). For the experimental activity four theses were taken into consideration: untreated control, treated only with chestnut tannin, treated with chestnut tannin mixed with zeolite and treated with conventional anti-downy mildew products. The objective was to evaluate if the two theses containing both corroborate could be compared, in terms of protection and effectiveness, to a classic conventional defense. The low rainfall and the high temperatures recorded in the year of the test contained the epidemic risk, so much so that the slight worsening of the symptom picture was observed starting from the month of July. For this reason, only the remark carried out on 18 August is representative of the trend of the anti-downy mildew protection tested. Field observations have shown that the treatment performed with "conventional" anti-downy mildew products was more effective than the treatments performed with tannin. Furthermore, the theses containing chestnut tannin and chestnut tannin combined with zeolite showed an inconstant trend and contrasting results during the course of the experimentation, so much so that, contrary to expectations, the tannin used alone, without the addition of rock, was more effective. However, the results obtained represent a starting point for future tests on the applications of these two products in viticulture.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/40176