The present thesis has been carried on within a collaboration between the Department of Women's and Children's Health of Padua, the Department of Information Engineering and that of Medicine of the University of Padua. The goal of this study is to analyze the walking pattern of children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). FXS is the most frequent form of hereditary mental retardation, and is caused by the mutation of the FMR1 gene, which consists of an amplification and subsequent methylation of a sequence of CGG triplets, and is responsible for a stop of the transcription. Normal alleles have between 5 and 44 triplets; in mutated alleles this number is greater than 200. We speak of complete mutation when there are methylated expansions greater than 200-230 CGG repetitions, generally between several hundred and a few thousand CGG triplets. This category includes mosaicism of CGG triplet length and methylation. The objective of this thesis is to verify whether there are differences in terms of impact on the musculoskeletal system in the presence of the two different types of mosaicism in subjects presenting the complete mutation. The analysis was carried on through the use of both a markerless motion capture system and a surface electromyography system. A group of FXS children and a comparable control group of healthy subjects matched for age and BMI took part in this study. The objective of the study is to understand if children with full mutation but with different types of mosaicism display different biomechanical alterations during walk. Six FXS children with full mutation, 3 characterized by size mosaicism and 3 by methylation mosaicism, and a control group participated in this study. In addition to markerless movement analysis, we used surface electromyography (sEMG) of four reference muscles for the lower limbs (rectus and biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius) with the aim of extracting joint angles and muscle activations. during the walk. Hyperflexion of the hip and tibia-tarsal joints was observed at the joint angles, while knee flexion was reduced. Muscle activity shows an altered pattern compared to the control group. Although presenting characteristics in common, subjects with size mosaicism are characterized by a more accentuated dorsal hyperflexion of the ankle and a less accentuated hip extension movement compared to subjects with methylation mosaicism.
Il presente lavoro di tesi si svolge all’interno di una collaborazione tra il Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino di Padova, il Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione e quello di Medicina dell’Università di Padova. L’obiettivo di questo studio è di analizzare il pattern di cammino dei bambini con sindrome del cromosoma X fragile (FXS). FXS è la forma più frequente di ritardo mentale ereditario, ed è dovuta alla mutazione del gene FMR1, che consiste in una amplificazione e successiva metilazione di una sequenza di triplette CGG, ed è responsabile di un blocco della trascrizione. Gli alleli normali hanno un numero di triplette compreso fra 5 e 44; negli alleli mutati questo numero è superiore a 200. Si parla di mutazione completa quando vi sono espansioni metilate superiori a 200-230 ripetizioni CGG, generalmente tra diverse centinaia e qualche migliaio di triplette CGG. In questa categoria rientrano mosaici di lunghezza della tripletta CGG e di metilazione. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è verificare se vi siano delle differenze a livello di impatto sul sistema muscoloscheletrico in presenza dei due diversi tipi di mosaicismo nei soggetti che presentano la mutazione completa. L'analisi è stata svolta attraverso l’utilizzo di un sistema markerless e di un sistema di elettromiografia di superficie. Prendono parte a questo studio un gruppo di bambini con FXS e un gruppo di controllo paragonabile per età e BMI. L'obiettivo dello studio è di capire se i diversi tipi di mutazione siano o meno caratterizzati da diverse alterazioni biomeccaniche e quali siano le variabili che differiscono di più. Hanno preso parte a questo studio 6 bambini con FXS, 3 con mosaicismo di dimensione e 3 con mosaicismo di metilazione, e un gruppo di controllo paragonabile per età e BMI. Oltre all’analisi del movimento markerless abbiamo utilizzato l’elettromiografia di superficie (sEMG) di quattro muscoli di riferimento per gli arti inferiori (retto e bicipite femorali, tibiale anteriore e gastrocnemio laterale) con lo scopo di estrarre gli angoli articolari e le attivazioni muscolari durante il cammino. A livello di angoli articolari si è osservata una flessione eccessiva dell’articolazione dell’anca e della tibia-tarsica, mentre la flessione del ginocchio risulta ridotta. L’attività muscolare mostra un pattern alterato rispetto al gruppo di controllo. Seppure presentando caratteristiche in comune, i soggetti con mosaicismo di dimensione sono caratterizzati da un’eccessiva dorsiflessione di caviglia e un ridotto movimento di estensione dell’anca rispetto ai soggetti con mosaicismo di metilazione.
Analisi biomeccanica in bambini con sindrome x fragile: il ruolo di diversi tipi di mutazione
POLO, FEDERICO
2021/2022
Abstract
The present thesis has been carried on within a collaboration between the Department of Women's and Children's Health of Padua, the Department of Information Engineering and that of Medicine of the University of Padua. The goal of this study is to analyze the walking pattern of children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). FXS is the most frequent form of hereditary mental retardation, and is caused by the mutation of the FMR1 gene, which consists of an amplification and subsequent methylation of a sequence of CGG triplets, and is responsible for a stop of the transcription. Normal alleles have between 5 and 44 triplets; in mutated alleles this number is greater than 200. We speak of complete mutation when there are methylated expansions greater than 200-230 CGG repetitions, generally between several hundred and a few thousand CGG triplets. This category includes mosaicism of CGG triplet length and methylation. The objective of this thesis is to verify whether there are differences in terms of impact on the musculoskeletal system in the presence of the two different types of mosaicism in subjects presenting the complete mutation. The analysis was carried on through the use of both a markerless motion capture system and a surface electromyography system. A group of FXS children and a comparable control group of healthy subjects matched for age and BMI took part in this study. The objective of the study is to understand if children with full mutation but with different types of mosaicism display different biomechanical alterations during walk. Six FXS children with full mutation, 3 characterized by size mosaicism and 3 by methylation mosaicism, and a control group participated in this study. In addition to markerless movement analysis, we used surface electromyography (sEMG) of four reference muscles for the lower limbs (rectus and biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius) with the aim of extracting joint angles and muscle activations. during the walk. Hyperflexion of the hip and tibia-tarsal joints was observed at the joint angles, while knee flexion was reduced. Muscle activity shows an altered pattern compared to the control group. Although presenting characteristics in common, subjects with size mosaicism are characterized by a more accentuated dorsal hyperflexion of the ankle and a less accentuated hip extension movement compared to subjects with methylation mosaicism.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/40427