Nowadays, the second generation bioethanol represents a promising alternative approach to overcome the limitations revealed by first generation bioethanol. The food vs fuel debate pushed researchers and industries to look for other substrates for bioethanol, such as lignocellulosic and starchy materials, which are greatly available but very difficult to be processed into fuel. This project focused on the development of biotechnological strategies for the bioethanol production from lignocellulosic and starchy waste streams. The first aim of the present thesis was the development of superior yeast strains using traditional microbiological approaches. In this study, several strains of S. cerevisiae were selected to obtain a superior yeast strain capable of tolerating high levels of inhibitors. A Sugarcane Bagasse with high level of lignocellulose was then pretreated by steam resulting in a SBH (Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysate). SBH was used to screen the inhibit tolerance of selected parental strains as well as their monosporal colonies obtained after their sporulation. Secondly, this Master Thesis focused on the development of a S. cerevisiae strain capable of hydrolyzing cellulosic substrates. For this purpose, a number of superior yeast strains were engineered by CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the expression of efficient fungal cellulase. In particular, the coding sequences of the endoglucanase, EgI, from Trichoderma reesei, was selected. Finally, this Thesis was able to demonstrate for the first time the efficient conversion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) into bioethanol using S. cerevisiae strain engineered for the expression of efficient amylases. The recombinant strain named ER-T12.7 was able to produce high ethanol levels from both OFMSW (organic fraction of municipal solid waste) as well as discolored rice, here selected as abundant and starch-rich industrial by-product.
Al giorno d'oggi, il bioetanolo di seconda generazione rappresenta un’alternativa promettente per superare i limiti relativi al bioetanolo di prima generazione. Il dibattito tra cibo e carburante ha spinto i ricercatori e le industrie a cercare altri substrati per il bioetanolo, come i materiali lignocellulosici e amidacei, che sono ampiamente disponibili ma molto difficili da trasformare in carburante. Questo progetto si è focalizzato sullo sviluppo di strategie biotecnologiche per la produzione di bioetanolo da rifiuti lignocellulosici e amidacei. Il primo obiettivo della presente tesi è stato lo sviluppo di ceppi di lievito superiori utilizzando approcci microbiologici tradizionali. In questo studio, diversi ceppi di S. cerevisiae sono stati selezionati per ottenere un ceppo di lievito superiore in grado di tollerare alti livelli di inibitori. Una bagassa di canna da zucchero, con un alto livello di lignocellulosa, è stata quindi pretrattata a vapore ottenendo un SBH (idrolizzato di bagassa di canna da zucchero). L'SBH è stato utilizzato per vagliare la tolleranza all'inibizione di ceppi parentali selezionati e delle loro colonie monosporali ottenute dopo la loro sporulazione. In secondo luogo, questa tesi di laurea si è concentrata anche sullo sviluppo di un ceppo di S. cerevisiae in grado di idrolizzare substrati cellulosici. A tale scopo, un certo numero di ceppi di lievito superiori sono stati ingegnerizzati mediante la tecnologia CRISPR/Cas9 per l'espressione di una cellulasi fungina efficiente. In particolare, è stata selezionata la sequenza codificante dell'endoglucanasi, EgI, da Trichoderma reesei. Infine, questa tesi è stata in grado di dimostrare per la prima volta l'efficiente conversione della frazione organica dei rifiuti solidi urbani (OFMSW) in bioetanolo utilizzando un ceppo di S. cerevisiae ingegnerizzato per l'espressione di amilasi efficienti. Il ceppo ricombinante denominato ER-T12.7 è stato in grado di produrre alti livelli di etanolo sia da OFMSW (frazione organica dei rifiuti solidi urbani) che da riso scolorito, selezionato perché è un sottoprodotto industriale abbondante e ricco di amido.
Biotechnological approaches for the bioethanol production from agricultural and food waste
DI VITA, NOEMI
2021/2022
Abstract
Nowadays, the second generation bioethanol represents a promising alternative approach to overcome the limitations revealed by first generation bioethanol. The food vs fuel debate pushed researchers and industries to look for other substrates for bioethanol, such as lignocellulosic and starchy materials, which are greatly available but very difficult to be processed into fuel. This project focused on the development of biotechnological strategies for the bioethanol production from lignocellulosic and starchy waste streams. The first aim of the present thesis was the development of superior yeast strains using traditional microbiological approaches. In this study, several strains of S. cerevisiae were selected to obtain a superior yeast strain capable of tolerating high levels of inhibitors. A Sugarcane Bagasse with high level of lignocellulose was then pretreated by steam resulting in a SBH (Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysate). SBH was used to screen the inhibit tolerance of selected parental strains as well as their monosporal colonies obtained after their sporulation. Secondly, this Master Thesis focused on the development of a S. cerevisiae strain capable of hydrolyzing cellulosic substrates. For this purpose, a number of superior yeast strains were engineered by CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the expression of efficient fungal cellulase. In particular, the coding sequences of the endoglucanase, EgI, from Trichoderma reesei, was selected. Finally, this Thesis was able to demonstrate for the first time the efficient conversion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) into bioethanol using S. cerevisiae strain engineered for the expression of efficient amylases. The recombinant strain named ER-T12.7 was able to produce high ethanol levels from both OFMSW (organic fraction of municipal solid waste) as well as discolored rice, here selected as abundant and starch-rich industrial by-product.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/41855