Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) are one of the leading causes of disability and death in many countries, for this reason it is necessary to prevent or mitigate them. Therefore, a complete understanding of how injuries occur and of the level of tolerance is needed. In this perspective, the models based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) represent an important tool for investigating the mechanics of Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI), since experimental tests are usually associated with ethical issues and lack of reproducibility. FE analysis allow to correlate general kinematics of an impact and the possible brain tissue damage. Given that the common causes of brain injuries are related to vehicle crashes, this work focuses on regulations concerning the approval of motorcycle helmets. Safety standards for helmets are currently based on global Injury Criteria (IC), which are not taking into account what actually occurs locally in the brain. The goal of this thesis is to analyse how brain tissues locally respond to the same global indicators in terms of pressures and strain.
Le lesioni cerebrali rappresentano una delle principali cause di disabilità e morte in molte parti del mondo, per questo motivo è necessario prevenirle o cercare di mitigarle. Questo necessita di una comprensione completa del meccanismo della lesione e dei livelli di tolleranza. In questa prospettiva i modelli basati sul metodo degli elementi finiti rappresentano strumenti importanti per indagare la meccanica delle lesioni cerebrali dal momento che i test sperimentali presentano problemi etici e di scarsa ripetibilità. Le analisi computazionali consentono infatti di mettere in relazione la cinematica generale di un impatto con possibili danni del tessuto cerebrale. Tra le cause comuni di lesioni cerebrali si trovano gli incidenti stradali, ragione per cui nel presente lavoro di tesi si è presa in considerazione la normativa per l’omologazione dei caschi motociclistici. Negli standard di sicurezza per i caschi attualmente utilizzati vengono considerati solamente indici di danno globale, trascurando quello che può avvenire localmente nel cervello. Nel presente lavoro di tesi l’obiettivo è stato quello di confrontare, in termini di deformazioni e pressioni, le risposte a livello di tessuto cerebrale.
Confronto fra indicatori di danno globali e locali negli impatti dinamici della testa
OCCARI, GIADA
2022/2023
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) are one of the leading causes of disability and death in many countries, for this reason it is necessary to prevent or mitigate them. Therefore, a complete understanding of how injuries occur and of the level of tolerance is needed. In this perspective, the models based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) represent an important tool for investigating the mechanics of Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI), since experimental tests are usually associated with ethical issues and lack of reproducibility. FE analysis allow to correlate general kinematics of an impact and the possible brain tissue damage. Given that the common causes of brain injuries are related to vehicle crashes, this work focuses on regulations concerning the approval of motorcycle helmets. Safety standards for helmets are currently based on global Injury Criteria (IC), which are not taking into account what actually occurs locally in the brain. The goal of this thesis is to analyse how brain tissues locally respond to the same global indicators in terms of pressures and strain.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/45687