Navigating the Complexity of Psychological Well-Being: The Role of Self-Knowledge, Intrinsic Motivation, and Self-Construal

The present research stems from a deep interest in understanding and exploring psychological well- being, a complex and contentious concept, yet profoundly important. The complexity partially arises from the fact that research on well-being intersects with the ongoing debate transcending multiple social sciences: the juxtaposition of relativism and universals in human nature. The definition of optimal experience has been indeed a subject of considerable discussion throughout intellectual history, and analyzing this debate is of great importance because of its considerable theoretical and practical implications. Moreover, the emergence of positive psychology has incited a growing interest in the topic, underscoring that well-being extends beyond merely the absence of mental illness. This understanding has expanded the scope of psychology, moving past pathologies to encompass preventive measures and the enhancement of well-being. This study begins with a comprehensive review of the existing literature in the field, particularly focusing on the two prevailing perspectives that have influenced well-being research: the hedonic approach, emphasizing happiness and the pursuit of pleasure while minimizing pain, and the eudaimonic approach, which focuses on meaning and self-realization. Building upon this foundation, this thesis aims to review the insights from authors representing both perspectives, providing an enriched understanding of well-being. Furthermore, it investigates the intricate relationships between different types of psychological well-being and the role of other key psychological processes, particularly self-knowledge, mindfulness, and needs satisfaction, within an Italian sample that was collected by the researcher for this study. The research methodology will be explicated, detailing the process of data collection and analysis. By comprehensively exploring and examining these aspects, this research aims to deepen our understanding of psychological well-being, offering insights for both academia and practical applications.