Procured abortion is a practice that has always sparked considerable debate, as it encompasses medical, ethical, and legal issues. Over time, many things have changed, and as we know, many continue to evolve. In this master's thesis, I aim to analyze the practice of procured abortion in Italy at the end of the 19th century, as well as the role of midwives and mammane within this historical context. Through an in-depth historical investigation, the first chapter examines the new discoveries regarding medicine and the female body that took place during the 18th and 19th centuries, the emergence of the term "abortion," and the regulation of procured abortion both in pre-unification Italy and after the enforcement of the Zanardelli Unified Code. Additionally, alternative methods for terminating high-risk pregnancies, such as embryotomy and cesarean section, are explored. The second chapter focuses on the context of midwives and their evolution over time. It delves into their ancient profession, the changes in their work during the 18th and 19th centuries, which were marked by the medicalization of childbirth, their coexistence with physician-surgeons, and the significant issue of abusive midwives due to multiple regulations enacted in the 19th century. The third chapter presents the conducted research, which includes examining archival sources in Venice, specifically in the Prefecture and the Court of Assizes of Venice and its district, as well as newspaper articles. Through these sources, a deeper understanding of midwives' practices and the penalties associated with procured abortion during the 19th century in Italy is obtained. Overall, this study offers a historical overview of the role of midwives and the practice of procured abortion in Italy at the end of the 19th century, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the social, legal, and medical dynamics of that period.
Il procurato aborto è una pratica che da sempre fa discutere molto, perché unisce questioni mediche, etiche e giuridiche. Nel corso del tempo molte cose sono cambiate e, come sappiamo, altrettante sono in continua evoluzione. In questa tesi magistrale mi propongo di analizzare la pratica del procurato aborto in Italia alla fine dell'Ottocento e il ruolo delle levatrici e delle mammane all’interno della storia. Attraverso un'indagine storica approfondita, il primo capitolo esamina le nuove scoperte riguardo la medicina e il corpo femminile che avvengono durante il XVIII e il XIX secolo, la nascita del termine “aborto”; la regolamentazione del procurato aborto sia nell'Italia preunitaria che dopo l'entrata in vigore del codice Unico Zanardelli. Sono esplorate anche le altre opzioni per interrompere gravidanze a rischio, come l'embriotomia e il taglio cesareo. Il secondo capitolo si concentra sul contesto delle levatrici e della loro evoluzione nel corso del tempo. Viene esplorato il loro mestiere antico, l’evoluzione del loro lavoro nei secoli XVIII e XIX, ricchi di cambiamenti in seguito alla medicalizzazione del parto, la loro convivenza con i medici-chirurghi e il grande problema delle levatrici abusive in seguito alle molteplici regolamentazioni nate nel XIX secolo. Nel terzo capitolo, viene presentata la ricerca condotta, che include l'esame di fonti archivistiche a Venezia nel fondo prefettura e nel fondo Corte d’assise di Venezia e distretto e di articoli di giornale. Attraverso queste fonti, si ottiene una comprensione più approfondita delle pratiche delle levatrici e delle pene relative al procurato aborto durante l'Ottocento in Italia. Complessivamente, questo studio offre una panoramica storica del ruolo delle levatrici e della pratica del procurato aborto in Italia alla fine dell'Ottocento, fornendo una comprensione più completa delle dinamiche sociali, legali e mediche di quel periodo.
Levatrici e procurato aborto in Italia negli ultimi anni dell'Ottocento
BOZZATO, GIULIA
2022/2023
Abstract
Procured abortion is a practice that has always sparked considerable debate, as it encompasses medical, ethical, and legal issues. Over time, many things have changed, and as we know, many continue to evolve. In this master's thesis, I aim to analyze the practice of procured abortion in Italy at the end of the 19th century, as well as the role of midwives and mammane within this historical context. Through an in-depth historical investigation, the first chapter examines the new discoveries regarding medicine and the female body that took place during the 18th and 19th centuries, the emergence of the term "abortion," and the regulation of procured abortion both in pre-unification Italy and after the enforcement of the Zanardelli Unified Code. Additionally, alternative methods for terminating high-risk pregnancies, such as embryotomy and cesarean section, are explored. The second chapter focuses on the context of midwives and their evolution over time. It delves into their ancient profession, the changes in their work during the 18th and 19th centuries, which were marked by the medicalization of childbirth, their coexistence with physician-surgeons, and the significant issue of abusive midwives due to multiple regulations enacted in the 19th century. The third chapter presents the conducted research, which includes examining archival sources in Venice, specifically in the Prefecture and the Court of Assizes of Venice and its district, as well as newspaper articles. Through these sources, a deeper understanding of midwives' practices and the penalties associated with procured abortion during the 19th century in Italy is obtained. Overall, this study offers a historical overview of the role of midwives and the practice of procured abortion in Italy at the end of the 19th century, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the social, legal, and medical dynamics of that period.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/49007