The Role of "Stabilization" in a Shifting UN Peacekeeping Paradigm

This master thesis critically examines the concept of "stabilisation" within United Nations (UN) peace operations. Over time, UN peace operations have evolved beyond traditional peacekeeping mandates, encompassing a wide range of objectives and activities. However, the concept of stabilisation lacks a normative definition within UN key documents, leading to debates and concerns among scholars and within the UN itself. The research begins by tracing the emergence of the concept of stabilisation within the context of peace operations and identifying its key sources of conceptualisation. The study then investigates how decision-makers implement the notion of stabilisation during the mandating, planning, and execution of activities within UN missions. By accomplishing these objectives, the research aims to provide a broader perspective on the implications of stabilisation for the ruling paradigm of peace operations. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the key concepts and objects of study, including an examination of the legal provisions in the UN Charter related to peace operations. It also explores the evolution of UN peace operations by categorising them into different generations. The origins of the stabilisation concept and its various conceptualisations are analyzed in detail. The second chapter presents two case studies, focusing on missions—MONUSCO and MINUSMA—that incorporate the idea of stabilisation among their key concepts. Through historical overviews and mandate analyses, the chapter identifies the mission characteristics and logics associated with stabilisation. These case studies offer practical examples of how the concept has been implemented and its impact on peacebuilding efforts. Finally, the third chapter utilizes the findings from the previous chapters to assess the broader impacts of stabilisation on the UN paradigm for peace operations. By identifying patterns, trends, and potential limitations, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars engaged in current trends within UN missions and their implications for the future. This master thesis contributes to the existing literature on UN peace operations by critically examining the impact of the stabilisation concept and its practical implementation. Through a rigorous analytical approach and comprehensive data analysis, the research sheds light on the measurable effects of stabilisation missions, enhancing our understanding of their contributions to conflict transformation, state-building, and sustainable peace. The study aims to inform policy decisions and enhance the effectiveness of future stabilisation efforts in UN peace operations.