Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world due to its high efficacy and low production costs. Despite its widespread use, the herbicide has for years been the subject of attention due to its potential impacts on health and the environment. In fact, at the basis of the debate on the use of glyphosate, there is the lack of clarity on the possible toxic effects on human health, and not only, highlighted by conflicting scientific studies, public interest groups (including IARC, EFSA, ECHA) and mass media. Bees themselves, as pollinators, may have direct contact with glyphosate during its application, or indirect contact through contaminated pollen and nectar. Glyphosate itself does not appear to be a particularly toxic agent for bees, but it is a problem when transferred to the hive due to the consequent risks associated with long-term exposure. The development and validation of a rapid and accurate method for the determination of glyphosate and its metabolites, AMPA and glufosinate, in honey is essential to comply with the European Commission's Pesticide Residue Control Plans (MACP). Furthermore, this method allows for an environmental monitoring system, as well as for verifying compliance with the relative MRLs. In this thesis, a UHPLC-MSMS method has been developed and validated applied to real samples from the market and from local beekeepers, in order to carry out a preliminary study on the presence of this pollutant in honey consumed locally. In the light of the results obtained, the UHPLC-MSMS method is valid and reliable and can be used for monitoring the levels of glyphosate and metabolites in honey. Furthermore, based on the scientific literature available so far, it can be concluded that glyphosate represents an important tool to help farmers in weed management, but at the same time the safety for the environment in terms of health and biodiversity has to be proven.
Il glifosato rappresenta l'erbicida più utilizzato al mondo grazie alla sua elevata efficacia e ai bassi costi di produzione. Nonostante il suo largo impiego, l’erbicida è da anni oggetto di attenzione per i potenziali impatti sulla salute e sull’ambiente. Infatti, alla base del dibattito sull’uso del glifosato, vi è la mancata chiarezza sui possibili effetti tossici per la salute umana, e non solo, evidenziata da studi scientifici contrastanti, gruppi di interesse pubblico (tra i quali IARC, EFSA, ECHA) e mass media. Le api stesse, come impollinatori, possono avere un contatto diretto con il glifosato durante la sua applicazione, o un contatto indiretto attraverso polline e nettare contaminati. Il glifosato di per sé non sembra rappresentare un agente particolarmente tossico per le api, ma risulta un problema quando trasferito nell'alveare a causa dei conseguenti rischi associati all'esposizione a lungo termine. Lo sviluppo e validazione di un metodo rapido e preciso per la determinazione del glifosato e dei suoi metaboliti, AMPA e glufosinate, nel miele è essenziale per adeguarsi ai piani di controllo dei residui dei pesticidi (MACP) delle Commissione europea. Inoltre, tale metodo, permette di avere un sistema di monitoraggio dell’ambiente, oltre che di verifica del rispetto dei relativi LMR. Nella presente tesi, è stato sviluppato e validato un metodo in UHPLC-MSMS applicato a campioni reali provenienti dal mercato e da apicoltori locali, ai fini di effettuare uno studio preliminare sulla presenza di tale inquinante nel miele consumato a livello locale. Alla luce dei risultati ottenuti, il metodo in UHPLC-MSMS risulta valido e affidabile e può essere utilizzato per il monitoraggio dei livelli di glifosato e metaboliti nel miele. Inoltre, sulla base della letteratura scientifica disponibile fino ad ora, si può concludere che il glifosato rappresenti uno strumento importante per aiutare gli agricoltori nella gestione delle malerbe, ma allo stesso tempo deve essere provata la sicurezza per l’ambiente in termini di salute e biodiversità.
“Sviluppo e validazione di un metodo UHPLC-MS/MS per la determinazione del glifosato e metaboliti nel miele”
ZANELLA, SARA
2022/2023
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world due to its high efficacy and low production costs. Despite its widespread use, the herbicide has for years been the subject of attention due to its potential impacts on health and the environment. In fact, at the basis of the debate on the use of glyphosate, there is the lack of clarity on the possible toxic effects on human health, and not only, highlighted by conflicting scientific studies, public interest groups (including IARC, EFSA, ECHA) and mass media. Bees themselves, as pollinators, may have direct contact with glyphosate during its application, or indirect contact through contaminated pollen and nectar. Glyphosate itself does not appear to be a particularly toxic agent for bees, but it is a problem when transferred to the hive due to the consequent risks associated with long-term exposure. The development and validation of a rapid and accurate method for the determination of glyphosate and its metabolites, AMPA and glufosinate, in honey is essential to comply with the European Commission's Pesticide Residue Control Plans (MACP). Furthermore, this method allows for an environmental monitoring system, as well as for verifying compliance with the relative MRLs. In this thesis, a UHPLC-MSMS method has been developed and validated applied to real samples from the market and from local beekeepers, in order to carry out a preliminary study on the presence of this pollutant in honey consumed locally. In the light of the results obtained, the UHPLC-MSMS method is valid and reliable and can be used for monitoring the levels of glyphosate and metabolites in honey. Furthermore, based on the scientific literature available so far, it can be concluded that glyphosate represents an important tool to help farmers in weed management, but at the same time the safety for the environment in terms of health and biodiversity has to be proven.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/51728