Waste materials discharged from food and pharmaceutical supply chains can be used to obtain products with potential applications in agriculture. With these aims, in the present work, we evaluated the possibility of obtaining Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall extracts by growing the yeast on waste liquid derived from cell cultures of Salvia officinalis and Rosa canina. The extracts were evaluated for their ability to induce defense responses to pathogens in vines. The exhausted soils lacked sugars and nitrogen assimilable by S. cerevisiae; therefore, these substances were supplemented by adding sunflower molasses and diammonium phosphate. The growth efficiency was calculated by comparing yeast cell concentration to that obtained in a medium containing Yeast Pepton Dextrose (YPD Broth). The growth efficiency of the cultures in R. canina and S. officinalis exhausted substrates was respectively 40% and 32% compared to the YPD Broth. In the extract of S. officinalis, the presence of rosmarinic acid residues was supposed to be the cause for reduced cell growth. After thermal treatment of the in autoclave to the relative growth efficiency increased by 44.4%. Subsequently, yeast cell walls (YCW) were extracted from S. cerevisiae cells by heat treatment in acidic medium. The necessary purification of the extract was performed by washing it with 1M NaCl and 70% (v/v) ethyl alcohol. These extracts obtained from cells grown on Salvia culture medium and on complete culture medium were used to treat vine plants to determine the expression of defense genes such as VvPR-1, VvPR-2, VvLOX9 and VvSTS. Gene expression levels were obtained with q-PCR and compared to those obtained by treating the plants (negative control). For three genes (VvPR-1, VvLOX9 and VvSTS) a significant upregulation was detected while a downregulation was found for VvPR-1. These results showed no significant differences between the treatments carried out with YCW of cells grown on the Salvia officinalis or Rosa canina.
I materiali di scarto delle filiere alimentari e farmaceutiche possono venire utilizzati per ottenere prodotti con potenzialità di impiego in agricoltura. Con queste finalità nel presente lavoro è stata valutata la possibilità di ottenere estratti di Saccharomyces cerevisiae da terreni di scarto provenienti da colture cellulari di Salvia officinalis e Rosa canina. L’estratto così ottenuto è stato valutato per la capacità di indurre nelle piante risposte di difesa ai patogeni. I terreni esausti erano privi di zuccheri e azoto assimilabili da S. cerevisiae e, pertanto, ai terreni sono state aggiunte melasso di girasole e fosfato di diammonio. L’efficienza di crescita è stata calcolata confrontando la crescita cellulare del lievito sui terreni esausti con quella ottenuta su terreno contenente Yeast Pepton Dextrose (YPD Broth). L’efficienza è stata di circa il 40% per le colture eseguite sui terreni contenenti substrato esausto di R. canina e del 32% per le colture ottenute su S. officinalis. Nell’ estratto di S. officinalis la presenza di residui di acido rosmarinico riduceva la crescita cellulare. L’autoclavatura del substrato ha consentito di aumentare l’efficienza di crescita del 44.4%. Le pareti di lievito (YCW) sono state estratte dalle cellule di S. cerevisiae mediante trattamento termico in ambiente acido. La purificazione dell’estratto è stata eseguita mediante dei lavaggi con NaCl 1M e alcool etilico 70% (v/v). Gli estratti ottenuti da cellule cresciute su mezzo colturale di Salvia e su mezzo colturale completo sono stati utilizzati per trattare piante di vite nelle quali è stata determinata l’espressione di alcuni geni di difesa (VvPR-1, VvPR-2, VvLOX9 e VvSTS). L’espressione dei geni è stata rilevata mediante q-PCR rispetto al controllo negativo (trattamento con acqua). Per tre geni (VvPR-1, VvLOX9 e VvSTS) è stato rilevato un significativo aumento dell’espressione mentre è stata riscontrata una sotto regolazione per VvPR-1. I livelli di espressione rilevati con i diversi estratti, non hanno presentato differenze significative tra loro.
Produzione di derivati di lievito ottenuti da biomasse di scarto e determinazione dell'attività elicitoria in vite
GRIGOLETTO, GIOVANNI
2022/2023
Abstract
Waste materials discharged from food and pharmaceutical supply chains can be used to obtain products with potential applications in agriculture. With these aims, in the present work, we evaluated the possibility of obtaining Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall extracts by growing the yeast on waste liquid derived from cell cultures of Salvia officinalis and Rosa canina. The extracts were evaluated for their ability to induce defense responses to pathogens in vines. The exhausted soils lacked sugars and nitrogen assimilable by S. cerevisiae; therefore, these substances were supplemented by adding sunflower molasses and diammonium phosphate. The growth efficiency was calculated by comparing yeast cell concentration to that obtained in a medium containing Yeast Pepton Dextrose (YPD Broth). The growth efficiency of the cultures in R. canina and S. officinalis exhausted substrates was respectively 40% and 32% compared to the YPD Broth. In the extract of S. officinalis, the presence of rosmarinic acid residues was supposed to be the cause for reduced cell growth. After thermal treatment of the in autoclave to the relative growth efficiency increased by 44.4%. Subsequently, yeast cell walls (YCW) were extracted from S. cerevisiae cells by heat treatment in acidic medium. The necessary purification of the extract was performed by washing it with 1M NaCl and 70% (v/v) ethyl alcohol. These extracts obtained from cells grown on Salvia culture medium and on complete culture medium were used to treat vine plants to determine the expression of defense genes such as VvPR-1, VvPR-2, VvLOX9 and VvSTS. Gene expression levels were obtained with q-PCR and compared to those obtained by treating the plants (negative control). For three genes (VvPR-1, VvLOX9 and VvSTS) a significant upregulation was detected while a downregulation was found for VvPR-1. These results showed no significant differences between the treatments carried out with YCW of cells grown on the Salvia officinalis or Rosa canina.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/51952