Precision medicine of brain stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease

Precision medicine (PM) is a novel intervention paradigm that deploys a personalized approach based on individual pattern of neurophysiological variability, environmental, and lifestyle factors. It has been increasingly studied for managing the symptomatology of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, which is a debilitating progressive degenerative disorder without any available curative treatment so far. Neuromodulation targeting potential brain signal biomarkers highlighted by neuroimaging evidence shows promise in alleviating Alzheimer's disease symptoms. This review draws upon the literature on neuromodulation in treating Alzheimer's disease, utilizing a variety of personalized stimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and deep brain stimulation. The review also explores how these techniques can address comorbid conditions associated with Alzheimer's disease. Overall, the literature supports enhanced therapeutic outcomes with personally-tailored brain stimulation techniques for managing Alzheimer's disease compared to conventional pharmacy strategies. This suggests a novel approach to potentially intervene neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease using neuromodulation on the basis of precision medicine.

Precision medicine (PM) is a novel intervention paradigm that deploys a personalized approach based on individual pattern of neurophysiological variability, environmental, and lifestyle factors. It has been increasingly studied for managing the symptomatology of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, which is a debilitating progressive degenerative disorder without any available curative treatment so far. Neuromodulation targeting potential brain signal biomarkers highlighted by neuroimaging evidence shows promise in alleviating Alzheimer's disease symptoms. This review draws upon the literature on neuromodulation in treating Alzheimer's disease, utilizing a variety of personalized stimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and deep brain stimulation. The review also explores how these techniques can address comorbid conditions associated with Alzheimer's disease. Overall, the literature supports enhanced therapeutic outcomes with personally-tailored brain stimulation techniques for managing Alzheimer's disease compared to conventional pharmacy strategies. This suggests a novel approach to potentially intervene neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease using neuromodulation on the basis of precision medicine.