The current thesis aimed at fabricating bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds, through the alkaline activation of bioactive glass powder and additive manufacturing (AM) technology. The process involved the suspension of bioactive glass powder in a "weakly alkaline" aqueous solution (1M NaOH) at room temperature, leading to the development of gelled suspensions with an achieved high viscosity. Additive manufacturing techniques such as Direct Ink Writing (DIW) and Digital Light Processing (DLP) were utilized to efficiently fabricate highly porous bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds. The resulting combination of the AM techniques with alkaline activation generated 3D printed structures that can be transformed into glass-ceramic scaffolds, with hierarchically open-celled porosity, through subsequent heat treatment at 900 °C and 1000 °C, retaining their structure due to a substantial crystallization, compared to original glass powder without alkaline activation. Morphological, structural, and mechanical investigations were conducted to evaluate the characteristics of the produced bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds and to assess their potential for various applications, particularly in bone tissue engineering.
Questo lavoro di tesi ha l'obiettivo di fabbricare scaffold bioattivi vetroceramici mediante l'attivazione alcalina di polveri di vetro bioattivo e tecnologie di manifattura additiva (AM). Il processo prevede la sospensione della polvere di vetro bioattivo in una soluzione acquosa "debolmente alcalina" (1M NaOH) a temperatura ambiente, portando allo sviluppo di sospensioni gelificate aventi una viscosità elevata. Per la fabbricazione degli scaffold vetroceramici bioattivi altamente porosi sono state utilizzate tecniche di manifattura additiva come la scrittura diretta ad inchiostro (DIW) e il processo della luce digitale (DLP). La combinazione risultante tra l’utilizzo delle tecniche AM e l’attivazione alcalina ha permesso di generare strutture 3D che possono essere trasformate in scaffold vetroceramici caratterizzati da una porosità aperta, mediante un successivo trattamento termico a 900 °C e 1000 °C, mantenendo la loro struttura grazie ad una sostanziale cristallizzazione, rispetto alle polvere di vetro originale che non ha subito attivazione alcalina. Sono state condotte indagini morfologiche, strutturali e meccaniche per valutare le caratteristiche delle impalcature in vetroceramica bioattiva prodotte e per valutare il loro potenziale per varie applicazioni, in particolare nell'ingegneria dei tessuti ossei.
Fabrication of innovative bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds through alkaline activation and additive manufacturing
RINALDI, FRANCESCO
2022/2023
Abstract
The current thesis aimed at fabricating bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds, through the alkaline activation of bioactive glass powder and additive manufacturing (AM) technology. The process involved the suspension of bioactive glass powder in a "weakly alkaline" aqueous solution (1M NaOH) at room temperature, leading to the development of gelled suspensions with an achieved high viscosity. Additive manufacturing techniques such as Direct Ink Writing (DIW) and Digital Light Processing (DLP) were utilized to efficiently fabricate highly porous bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds. The resulting combination of the AM techniques with alkaline activation generated 3D printed structures that can be transformed into glass-ceramic scaffolds, with hierarchically open-celled porosity, through subsequent heat treatment at 900 °C and 1000 °C, retaining their structure due to a substantial crystallization, compared to original glass powder without alkaline activation. Morphological, structural, and mechanical investigations were conducted to evaluate the characteristics of the produced bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds and to assess their potential for various applications, particularly in bone tissue engineering.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/53884