The paper combines military and social history to understand the complex organization of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, PLA. The PLA was founded in 1949 by Mao, but its origins date back to 1927 with the creation of the Red Army by Mao himself. The main objective of the Chinese Communist Party, CCP, was to defeat the Chinese Nationalist Party and other warlords to establish a strong and independent national state. The historical analysis includes the Qing Empire, the Opium Wars, mid-19th century uprisings, and imperialist wars. It also examines the Boxer Rebellion, the Nationalist revolution and the birth of the Republic, as well as the warlord period, which is crucial for understanding the Nationalist and Communist parties. The history of the PLA is further explored from its foundation in 1949 to the present day, focusing primarily on organizational aspects rather than specific military campaigns. Next, the complex hierarchical structure of the Chinese armed forces is analyzed, including various organs such as the Politburo, the Central Military Commission, and the General Political Department. It emphasizes the fact that the PLA is a party army, controlled by the Chinese Communist Party, rather than a Ministry of Defense like Western armies. The fourth chapter focuses on the specific organizational structure of each branch within the PLA, with particular attention given to the navy and missile forces. It highlights the increasing development of these weapons due to the economic growth of the PRC and discusses political control at every level of the various branches to avoid army autonomy and instability. Finally, the paper examines the latest policies initiated by President Xi Jinping, which aim to equip the PRC with armed forces capable of facing conventional military conflicts with the United States and Russia. It also mentions China's long-term strategic goal of reclaiming Taiwan by 2049, the centennial anniversary of the founding of the communist state.
L’elaborato fonde la storia militare e quella sociale per comprendere quell'organizzazione complessa che è l'Esercito Popolare di Liberazione Cinese. L'EPL fu fondato nel 1949 da Mao, ma le sue origini risalgono al 1927 con la creazione dell'Armata Rossa da parte dello stesso Mao. L'obiettivo principale del Partito Comunista Cinese, PCC, era sconfiggere il Partito Nazionalista Cinese e gli altri signori della guerra per fondare uno stato nazionale forte ed indipendente. La disamina storica include l'impero Qing, le guerre dell'oppio, le rivolte di metà Ottocento e le guerre imperialiste. Si analizzano anche la rivolta dei Boxer, la rivoluzione Nazionalista e la nascita della Repubblica, nonché il periodo del warlordismo, che è fondamentale per capire i partiti nazionalista e comunista. Viene approfondita la storia dell'EPL dalla sua fondazione nel 1949 fino ai giorni nostri, concentrandosi principalmente sugli aspetti organizzativi anziché su campagne militari specifiche. Poi, si analizza la struttura gerarchica complessa delle forze armate cinesi, inclusi i vari organi come il Politburo, la Commissione Centrale Militare e il Dipartimento Politico Generale. Si sottolinea il fatto che l'EPL è un esercito partitico, controllato dal Partito Comunista Cinese, e non da un Ministero della Difesa come negli eserciti occidentali. Il quarto capitolo si concentra sulla struttura organizzativa specifica di ciascuna arma all'interno dell'EPL, con particolare attenzione alla marina e alle forze missilistiche. Si evidenzia lo sviluppo crescente di queste armi grazie alla crescita economica della RPC e si discute del controllo politico su ogni livello delle varie armi per evitare l'autonomia dell'esercito e l'instabilità. Infine, vengono esaminate le ultime politiche avviate dal Presidente Xi Jinping, che mirano a dotare la Repubblica Popolare Cinese di forze armate in grado di affrontare conflitti militari convenzionali con gli Stati Uniti e la Russia. Si menziona anche l'obiettivo strategico a lungo termine della Cina di conquistare Taiwan entro il 2049, il centesimo anniversario della fondazione dello Stato comunista.
Lo sviluppo dell'Esercito Popolare di Liberazione cinese dal 1949 ad oggi
ANDREATTA, RICCARDO
2022/2023
Abstract
The paper combines military and social history to understand the complex organization of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, PLA. The PLA was founded in 1949 by Mao, but its origins date back to 1927 with the creation of the Red Army by Mao himself. The main objective of the Chinese Communist Party, CCP, was to defeat the Chinese Nationalist Party and other warlords to establish a strong and independent national state. The historical analysis includes the Qing Empire, the Opium Wars, mid-19th century uprisings, and imperialist wars. It also examines the Boxer Rebellion, the Nationalist revolution and the birth of the Republic, as well as the warlord period, which is crucial for understanding the Nationalist and Communist parties. The history of the PLA is further explored from its foundation in 1949 to the present day, focusing primarily on organizational aspects rather than specific military campaigns. Next, the complex hierarchical structure of the Chinese armed forces is analyzed, including various organs such as the Politburo, the Central Military Commission, and the General Political Department. It emphasizes the fact that the PLA is a party army, controlled by the Chinese Communist Party, rather than a Ministry of Defense like Western armies. The fourth chapter focuses on the specific organizational structure of each branch within the PLA, with particular attention given to the navy and missile forces. It highlights the increasing development of these weapons due to the economic growth of the PRC and discusses political control at every level of the various branches to avoid army autonomy and instability. Finally, the paper examines the latest policies initiated by President Xi Jinping, which aim to equip the PRC with armed forces capable of facing conventional military conflicts with the United States and Russia. It also mentions China's long-term strategic goal of reclaiming Taiwan by 2049, the centennial anniversary of the founding of the communist state.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Lo sviluppo dell'Esercito Popolare di Liberazione cinese dal 1948 ad oggi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/54724