Psoriasis is an autoimmune, chronic disease characterized by skin lesions caused by the uncontrolled hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. It is caused by several factors, but mainly by a dysregulated immunity caused, among others, by genetic factors. Its incidence is increasing year after year as another common disease, obesity. Obesity establishes a chronic low-grade inflammatory environment that can be associated with worsening psoriasis symptoms, meaning that their interaction has been proven. Previous preliminary studies proposed that adipocytes (hyperplastic and hypertrophic in obese patients) may affect psoriasis by producing cytokines and other factors primarily involved in this disease after exposure to insulin. Specifically, insulin has been found to increase the levels of IL-23 (one of the cytokines strongly associated with psoriasis) and IL-6 in murine primary adipocytes belonging to the 3T3-L1 cell line. In the past decade, attempts to ameliorate psoriasis phenotype have been explicitly made in nutrition. Comorbidities in psoriasis include metabolic syndrome, gluten intolerance, and many others. Several studies have tried to understand this link by introducing feeding patterns that reduce glycemic high peaks and eliminate certain foods from diets (such as gluten, milk, dairy, legumes, etc.), favoring others. Dietary patterns typically associated with psoriatic patients are gluten-free, Mediterranean, ketogenic, and vegetarian. Bioactive compounds such as capsaicin, zingerone, menthol, caffeine, genistein, curcumin, berberine, piperine, resveratrol, and epigallocatechin-gallate, have been selected as acute treatments to investigate the inflammatory profile in adipocytes and further explain their effects on acute and chronic diseases. The main statistically significant findings are that in a hyperinsulinemic environment, caffeine and genistein upregulate IL-17F, epigallocatechin-gallate strongly upregulates both IL-23 and LL-37, and piperine upregulates IL-6 gene expression. However, most of the results were not statistically significant, meaning that additional experiments with more samples and different cell lines are needed to characterize these mechanisms.
La psoriasi è una malattia autoimmune cronica caratterizzata da manifestazioni cutanee causate dalla proliferazione incontrollata dei cheratinociti. È causata da diversi fattori, ma principalmente da una alterazione della risposta del sistema immunitario causata, anche ma principalmente, da fattori genetici. La sua incidenza sta aumentando di anno in anno come un'altra malattia molto diffusa, l'obesità. L'obesità crea un ambiente infiammatorio cronico a bassa intensità che può essere associato al peggioramento dei sintomi della psoriasi. Studi preliminari hanno proposto che gli adipociti (iperplastici ed ipertrofici nei pazienti obesi) possano influenzare i sintomi della psoriasi attraverso la produzione di citochine e altri mediatori caratteristici in seguito a trattamento con l’insulina. In particolare, è stato scoperto che l'insulina aumenta i livelli di espressione genica di IL-23 (una delle citochine fortemente associate alla psoriasi) e IL-6 in cheratinociti primari murini appartenenti alla linea cellulare 3T3-L1. Nell'ultimo decennio, diverse strategie per migliorare il fenotipo della psoriasi attraverso la nutrizione sono state studiate e implementate. Infatti, le comorbilità nella psoriasi includono la sindrome metabolica, l'intolleranza al glutine e molte altre. Diversi studi hanno cercato di comprendere questo legame introducendo schemi alimentari che riducono i picchi glicemici ed eliminano alcuni alimenti dalle diete (come glutine, latte, latticini, legumi, ecc.), favorendone altri. I modelli alimentari tipicamente associati ai pazienti psoriasici sono la dieta gluten-free, la dieta Mediterranea, la dieta chetogenica e la dieta vegetariana. Composti bioattivi come la capsaicina, lo zingerone, il mentolo, la caffeina, la genisteina, la curcumina, la berberina, la piperina, il resveratrolo e l'epigallocatechina-gallato sono stati selezionati come trattamenti in acuto per osservare il loro effetto sul profilo infiammatorio negli adipociti e ulteriormente chiarire i loro effetti sulle malattie acute e croniche. I principali risultati significativi dal punto di vista statistico sono che, in un ambiente di iperinsulinemia, la caffeina e la genisteina aumentano l’espressione geneica di IL-17F, l'epigallocatechina-gallato aumenta sensibilmente l’espressione genica di IL-23 e LL-37, mentre la piperina aumenta l'espressione genica di IL-6. Tuttavia, la maggior parte dei risultati non è stata statisticamente significativa, e pertanto sono necessari ulteriori esperimenti con un numero maggiore di campioni e diverse linee cellulari per caratterizzare questi meccanismi.
The relationship between food and psoriasis: an in vitro study on the effects of selected compounds in the inflammatory profile of adipocytes
CANZIAN, CARLO
2022/2023
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune, chronic disease characterized by skin lesions caused by the uncontrolled hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. It is caused by several factors, but mainly by a dysregulated immunity caused, among others, by genetic factors. Its incidence is increasing year after year as another common disease, obesity. Obesity establishes a chronic low-grade inflammatory environment that can be associated with worsening psoriasis symptoms, meaning that their interaction has been proven. Previous preliminary studies proposed that adipocytes (hyperplastic and hypertrophic in obese patients) may affect psoriasis by producing cytokines and other factors primarily involved in this disease after exposure to insulin. Specifically, insulin has been found to increase the levels of IL-23 (one of the cytokines strongly associated with psoriasis) and IL-6 in murine primary adipocytes belonging to the 3T3-L1 cell line. In the past decade, attempts to ameliorate psoriasis phenotype have been explicitly made in nutrition. Comorbidities in psoriasis include metabolic syndrome, gluten intolerance, and many others. Several studies have tried to understand this link by introducing feeding patterns that reduce glycemic high peaks and eliminate certain foods from diets (such as gluten, milk, dairy, legumes, etc.), favoring others. Dietary patterns typically associated with psoriatic patients are gluten-free, Mediterranean, ketogenic, and vegetarian. Bioactive compounds such as capsaicin, zingerone, menthol, caffeine, genistein, curcumin, berberine, piperine, resveratrol, and epigallocatechin-gallate, have been selected as acute treatments to investigate the inflammatory profile in adipocytes and further explain their effects on acute and chronic diseases. The main statistically significant findings are that in a hyperinsulinemic environment, caffeine and genistein upregulate IL-17F, epigallocatechin-gallate strongly upregulates both IL-23 and LL-37, and piperine upregulates IL-6 gene expression. However, most of the results were not statistically significant, meaning that additional experiments with more samples and different cell lines are needed to characterize these mechanisms.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/55532